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// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause-Clear

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {ERC721} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol";
import {ERC721URIStorage} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721URIStorage.sol";

import {WhitelistPaymaster} from "../paymasters/WhitelistPaymaster.sol";

/// @notice a simple NFT contract for contentsign data where each nft is mapped to a one-time
/// configurable URL
contract ContentSignNFT is ERC721, ERC721URIStorage {
    uint256 public nextTokenId;
    WhitelistPaymaster public whitelistPaymaster;

    error UserIsNotWhitelisted();

    modifier onlyWhitelised() {
        if (!whitelistPaymaster.isWhitelistedUser(msg.sender)) {
            revert UserIsNotWhitelisted();
        }
        _;
    }

    constructor(string memory name, string memory symbol, WhitelistPaymaster whitelist) ERC721(name, symbol) {
        whitelistPaymaster = whitelist;
    }

    function safeMint(address to, string memory uri) public onlyWhitelised {
        uint256 tokenId = nextTokenId++;
        _safeMint(to, tokenId);
        _setTokenURI(tokenId, uri);
    }

    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view override(ERC721, ERC721URIStorage) returns (string memory) {
        return super.tokenURI(tokenId);
    }

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view override(ERC721, ERC721URIStorage) returns (bool) {
        return super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./interfaces/IBootloaderUtilities.sol";
import "./libraries/TransactionHelper.sol";
import "./libraries/RLPEncoder.sol";
import "./libraries/EfficientCall.sol";

/**
 * @author Matter Labs
 * @notice A contract that provides some utility methods for the bootloader
 * that is very hard to write in Yul.
 */
contract BootloaderUtilities is IBootloaderUtilities {
    using TransactionHelper for *;

    /// @notice Calculates the canonical transaction hash and the recommended transaction hash.
    /// @param _transaction The transaction.
    /// @return txHash and signedTxHash of the transaction, i.e. the transaction hash to be used in the explorer and commits to all
    /// the fields of the transaction and the recommended hash to be signed for this transaction.
    /// @dev txHash must be unique for all transactions.
    function getTransactionHashes(
        Transaction calldata _transaction
    ) external view override returns (bytes32 txHash, bytes32 signedTxHash) {
        signedTxHash = _transaction.encodeHash();
        if (_transaction.txType == EIP_712_TX_TYPE) {
            txHash = keccak256(bytes.concat(signedTxHash, EfficientCall.keccak(_transaction.signature)));
        } else if (_transaction.txType == LEGACY_TX_TYPE) {
            txHash = encodeLegacyTransactionHash(_transaction);
        } else if (_transaction.txType == EIP_1559_TX_TYPE) {
            txHash = encodeEIP1559TransactionHash(_transaction);
        } else if (_transaction.txType == EIP_2930_TX_TYPE) {
            txHash = encodeEIP2930TransactionHash(_transaction);
        } else {
            revert("Unsupported tx type");
        }
    }

    /// @notice Calculates the hash for a legacy transaction.
    /// @param _transaction The legacy transaction.
    /// @return txHash The hash of the transaction.
    function encodeLegacyTransactionHash(Transaction calldata _transaction) internal view returns (bytes32 txHash) {
        // Hash of legacy transactions are encoded as one of the:
        // - RLP(nonce, gasPrice, gasLimit, to, value, data, chainId, 0, 0)
        // - RLP(nonce, gasPrice, gasLimit, to, value, data)
        //
        // In this RLP encoding, only the first one above list appears, so we encode each element
        // inside list and then concatenate the length of all elements with them.

        bytes memory encodedNonce = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.nonce);
        // Encode `gasPrice` and `gasLimit` together to prevent "stack too deep error".
        bytes memory encodedGasParam;
        {
            bytes memory encodedGasPrice = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.maxFeePerGas);
            bytes memory encodedGasLimit = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.gasLimit);
            encodedGasParam = bytes.concat(encodedGasPrice, encodedGasLimit);
        }

        bytes memory encodedTo = RLPEncoder.encodeAddress(address(uint160(_transaction.to)));
        bytes memory encodedValue = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.value);
        // Encode only the length of the transaction data, and not the data itself,
        // so as not to copy to memory a potentially huge transaction data twice.
        bytes memory encodedDataLength;
        {
            // Safe cast, because the length of the transaction data can't be so large.
            uint64 txDataLen = uint64(_transaction.data.length);
            if (txDataLen != 1) {
                // If the length is not equal to one, then only using the length can it be encoded definitely.
                encodedDataLength = RLPEncoder.encodeNonSingleBytesLen(txDataLen);
            } else if (_transaction.data[0] >= 0x80) {
                // If input is a byte in [0x80, 0xff] range, RLP encoding will concatenates 0x81 with the byte.
                encodedDataLength = hex"81";
            }
            // Otherwise the length is not encoded at all.
        }

        bytes memory rEncoded;
        {
            uint256 rInt = uint256(bytes32(_transaction.signature[0:32]));
            rEncoded = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(rInt);
        }
        bytes memory sEncoded;
        {
            uint256 sInt = uint256(bytes32(_transaction.signature[32:64]));
            sEncoded = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(sInt);
        }
        bytes memory vEncoded;
        {
            uint256 vInt = uint256(uint8(_transaction.signature[64]));
            require(vInt == 27 || vInt == 28, "Invalid v value");

            // If the `chainId` is specified in the transaction, then the `v` value is encoded as
            // `35 + y + 2 * chainId == vInt + 8 + 2 * chainId`, where y - parity bit (see EIP-155).
            if (_transaction.reserved[0] != 0) {
                vInt += 8 + block.chainid * 2;
            }

            vEncoded = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(vInt);
        }

        bytes memory encodedListLength;
        unchecked {
            uint256 listLength = encodedNonce.length +
                encodedGasParam.length +
                encodedTo.length +
                encodedValue.length +
                encodedDataLength.length +
                _transaction.data.length +
                rEncoded.length +
                sEncoded.length +
                vEncoded.length;

            // Safe cast, because the length of the list can't be so large.
            encodedListLength = RLPEncoder.encodeListLen(uint64(listLength));
        }

        return
            keccak256(
                bytes.concat(
                    encodedListLength,
                    encodedNonce,
                    encodedGasParam,
                    encodedTo,
                    encodedValue,
                    encodedDataLength,
                    _transaction.data,
                    vEncoded,
                    rEncoded,
                    sEncoded
                )
            );
    }

    /// @notice Calculates the hash for an EIP2930 transaction.
    /// @param _transaction The EIP2930 transaction.
    /// @return txHash The hash of the transaction.
    function encodeEIP2930TransactionHash(Transaction calldata _transaction) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        // Encode all fixed-length params to avoid "stack too deep error"
        bytes memory encodedFixedLengthParams;
        {
            bytes memory encodedChainId = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(block.chainid);
            bytes memory encodedNonce = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.nonce);
            bytes memory encodedGasPrice = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.maxFeePerGas);
            bytes memory encodedGasLimit = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.gasLimit);
            bytes memory encodedTo = RLPEncoder.encodeAddress(address(uint160(_transaction.to)));
            bytes memory encodedValue = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.value);
            encodedFixedLengthParams = bytes.concat(
                encodedChainId,
                encodedNonce,
                encodedGasPrice,
                encodedGasLimit,
                encodedTo,
                encodedValue
            );
        }

        // Encode only the length of the transaction data, and not the data itself,
        // so as not to copy to memory a potentially huge transaction data twice.
        bytes memory encodedDataLength;
        {
            // Safe cast, because the length of the transaction data can't be so large.
            uint64 txDataLen = uint64(_transaction.data.length);
            if (txDataLen != 1) {
                // If the length is not equal to one, then only using the length can it be encoded definitely.
                encodedDataLength = RLPEncoder.encodeNonSingleBytesLen(txDataLen);
            } else if (_transaction.data[0] >= 0x80) {
                // If input is a byte in [0x80, 0xff] range, RLP encoding will concatenates 0x81 with the byte.
                encodedDataLength = hex"81";
            }
            // Otherwise the length is not encoded at all.
        }

        // On zkSync, access lists are always zero length (at least for now).
        bytes memory encodedAccessListLength = RLPEncoder.encodeListLen(0);

        bytes memory rEncoded;
        {
            uint256 rInt = uint256(bytes32(_transaction.signature[0:32]));
            rEncoded = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(rInt);
        }
        bytes memory sEncoded;
        {
            uint256 sInt = uint256(bytes32(_transaction.signature[32:64]));
            sEncoded = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(sInt);
        }
        bytes memory vEncoded;
        {
            uint256 vInt = uint256(uint8(_transaction.signature[64]));
            require(vInt == 27 || vInt == 28, "Invalid v value");

            vEncoded = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(vInt - 27);
        }

        bytes memory encodedListLength;
        unchecked {
            uint256 listLength = encodedFixedLengthParams.length +
                encodedDataLength.length +
                _transaction.data.length +
                encodedAccessListLength.length +
                rEncoded.length +
                sEncoded.length +
                vEncoded.length;

            // Safe cast, because the length of the list can't be so large.
            encodedListLength = RLPEncoder.encodeListLen(uint64(listLength));
        }

        return
            keccak256(
                bytes.concat(
                    "\x01",
                    encodedListLength,
                    encodedFixedLengthParams,
                    encodedDataLength,
                    _transaction.data,
                    encodedAccessListLength,
                    vEncoded,
                    rEncoded,
                    sEncoded
                )
            );
    }

    /// @notice Calculates the hash for an EIP1559 transaction.
    /// @param _transaction The legacy transaction.
    /// @return txHash The hash of the transaction.
    function encodeEIP1559TransactionHash(Transaction calldata _transaction) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        // The formula for hash of EIP1559 transaction in the original proposal:
        // https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-1559.md

        // Encode all fixed-length params to avoid "stack too deep error"
        bytes memory encodedFixedLengthParams;
        {
            bytes memory encodedChainId = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(block.chainid);
            bytes memory encodedNonce = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.nonce);
            bytes memory encodedMaxPriorityFeePerGas = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.maxPriorityFeePerGas);
            bytes memory encodedMaxFeePerGas = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.maxFeePerGas);
            bytes memory encodedGasLimit = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.gasLimit);
            bytes memory encodedTo = RLPEncoder.encodeAddress(address(uint160(_transaction.to)));
            bytes memory encodedValue = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.value);
            encodedFixedLengthParams = bytes.concat(
                encodedChainId,
                encodedNonce,
                encodedMaxPriorityFeePerGas,
                encodedMaxFeePerGas,
                encodedGasLimit,
                encodedTo,
                encodedValue
            );
        }

        // Encode only the length of the transaction data, and not the data itself,
        // so as not to copy to memory a potentially huge transaction data twice.
        bytes memory encodedDataLength;
        {
            // Safe cast, because the length of the transaction data can't be so large.
            uint64 txDataLen = uint64(_transaction.data.length);
            if (txDataLen != 1) {
                // If the length is not equal to one, then only using the length can it be encoded definitely.
                encodedDataLength = RLPEncoder.encodeNonSingleBytesLen(txDataLen);
            } else if (_transaction.data[0] >= 0x80) {
                // If input is a byte in [0x80, 0xff] range, RLP encoding will concatenates 0x81 with the byte.
                encodedDataLength = hex"81";
            }
            // Otherwise the length is not encoded at all.
        }

        // On zkSync, access lists are always zero length (at least for now).
        bytes memory encodedAccessListLength = RLPEncoder.encodeListLen(0);

        bytes memory rEncoded;
        {
            uint256 rInt = uint256(bytes32(_transaction.signature[0:32]));
            rEncoded = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(rInt);
        }
        bytes memory sEncoded;
        {
            uint256 sInt = uint256(bytes32(_transaction.signature[32:64]));
            sEncoded = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(sInt);
        }
        bytes memory vEncoded;
        {
            uint256 vInt = uint256(uint8(_transaction.signature[64]));
            require(vInt == 27 || vInt == 28, "Invalid v value");

            vEncoded = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(vInt - 27);
        }

        bytes memory encodedListLength;
        unchecked {
            uint256 listLength = encodedFixedLengthParams.length +
                encodedDataLength.length +
                _transaction.data.length +
                encodedAccessListLength.length +
                rEncoded.length +
                sEncoded.length +
                vEncoded.length;

            // Safe cast, because the length of the list can't be so large.
            encodedListLength = RLPEncoder.encodeListLen(uint64(listLength));
        }

        return
            keccak256(
                bytes.concat(
                    "\x02",
                    encodedListLength,
                    encodedFixedLengthParams,
                    encodedDataLength,
                    _transaction.data,
                    encodedAccessListLength,
                    vEncoded,
                    rEncoded,
                    sEncoded
                )
            );
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./interfaces/IAccountCodeStorage.sol";
import "./interfaces/INonceHolder.sol";
import "./interfaces/IContractDeployer.sol";
import "./interfaces/IKnownCodesStorage.sol";
import "./interfaces/IImmutableSimulator.sol";
import "./interfaces/IEthToken.sol";
import "./interfaces/IL1Messenger.sol";
import "./interfaces/ISystemContext.sol";
import "./interfaces/IBytecodeCompressor.sol";
import "./BootloaderUtilities.sol";

/// @dev All the system contracts introduced by zkSync have their addresses
/// started from 2^15 in order to avoid collision with Ethereum precompiles.
uint160 constant SYSTEM_CONTRACTS_OFFSET = 0x8000; // 2^15

/// @dev All the system contracts must be located in the kernel space,
/// i.e. their addresses must be below 2^16.
uint160 constant MAX_SYSTEM_CONTRACT_ADDRESS = 0xffff; // 2^16 - 1

address constant ECRECOVER_SYSTEM_CONTRACT = address(0x01);
address constant SHA256_SYSTEM_CONTRACT = address(0x02);

/// @dev The current maximum deployed precompile address.
/// Note: currently only two precompiles are deployed:
/// 0x01 - ecrecover
/// 0x02 - sha256
/// Important! So the constant should be updated if more precompiles are deployed.
uint256 constant CURRENT_MAX_PRECOMPILE_ADDRESS = uint256(uint160(SHA256_SYSTEM_CONTRACT));

address payable constant BOOTLOADER_FORMAL_ADDRESS = payable(address(SYSTEM_CONTRACTS_OFFSET + 0x01));
IAccountCodeStorage constant ACCOUNT_CODE_STORAGE_SYSTEM_CONTRACT = IAccountCodeStorage(
    address(SYSTEM_CONTRACTS_OFFSET + 0x02)
);
INonceHolder constant NONCE_HOLDER_SYSTEM_CONTRACT = INonceHolder(address(SYSTEM_CONTRACTS_OFFSET + 0x03));
IKnownCodesStorage constant KNOWN_CODE_STORAGE_CONTRACT = IKnownCodesStorage(address(SYSTEM_CONTRACTS_OFFSET + 0x04));
IImmutableSimulator constant IMMUTABLE_SIMULATOR_SYSTEM_CONTRACT = IImmutableSimulator(
    address(SYSTEM_CONTRACTS_OFFSET + 0x05)
);
IContractDeployer constant DEPLOYER_SYSTEM_CONTRACT = IContractDeployer(address(SYSTEM_CONTRACTS_OFFSET + 0x06));

// A contract that is allowed to deploy any codehash
// on any address. To be used only during an upgrade.
address constant FORCE_DEPLOYER = address(SYSTEM_CONTRACTS_OFFSET + 0x07);
IL1Messenger constant L1_MESSENGER_CONTRACT = IL1Messenger(address(SYSTEM_CONTRACTS_OFFSET + 0x08));
address constant MSG_VALUE_SYSTEM_CONTRACT = address(SYSTEM_CONTRACTS_OFFSET + 0x09);

IEthToken constant ETH_TOKEN_SYSTEM_CONTRACT = IEthToken(address(SYSTEM_CONTRACTS_OFFSET + 0x0a));

address constant KECCAK256_SYSTEM_CONTRACT = address(SYSTEM_CONTRACTS_OFFSET + 0x10);

ISystemContext constant SYSTEM_CONTEXT_CONTRACT = ISystemContext(payable(address(SYSTEM_CONTRACTS_OFFSET + 0x0b)));

BootloaderUtilities constant BOOTLOADER_UTILITIES = BootloaderUtilities(address(SYSTEM_CONTRACTS_OFFSET + 0x0c));

address constant EVENT_WRITER_CONTRACT = address(SYSTEM_CONTRACTS_OFFSET + 0x0d);

IBytecodeCompressor constant BYTECODE_COMPRESSOR_CONTRACT = IBytecodeCompressor(
    address(SYSTEM_CONTRACTS_OFFSET + 0x0e)
);

/// @dev If the bitwise AND of the extraAbi[2] param when calling the MSG_VALUE_SIMULATOR
/// is non-zero, the call will be assumed to be a system one.
uint256 constant MSG_VALUE_SIMULATOR_IS_SYSTEM_BIT = 1;

/// @dev The maximal msg.value that context can have
uint256 constant MAX_MSG_VALUE = 2 ** 128 - 1;

/// @dev Prefix used during derivation of account addresses using CREATE2
/// @dev keccak256("zksyncCreate2")
bytes32 constant CREATE2_PREFIX = 0x2020dba91b30cc0006188af794c2fb30dd8520db7e2c088b7fc7c103c00ca494;
/// @dev Prefix used during derivation of account addresses using CREATE
/// @dev keccak256("zksyncCreate")
bytes32 constant CREATE_PREFIX = 0x63bae3a9951d38e8a3fbb7b70909afc1200610fc5bc55ade242f815974674f23;

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IAccountCodeStorage {
    function storeAccountConstructingCodeHash(address _address, bytes32 _hash) external;

    function storeAccountConstructedCodeHash(address _address, bytes32 _hash) external;

    function markAccountCodeHashAsConstructed(address _address) external;

    function getRawCodeHash(address _address) external view returns (bytes32 codeHash);

    function getCodeHash(uint256 _input) external view returns (bytes32 codeHash);

    function getCodeSize(uint256 _input) external view returns (uint256 codeSize);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../libraries/TransactionHelper.sol";

interface IBootloaderUtilities {
    function getTransactionHashes(
        Transaction calldata _transaction
    ) external view returns (bytes32 txHash, bytes32 signedTxHash);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IBytecodeCompressor {
    function publishCompressedBytecode(
        bytes calldata _bytecode,
        bytes calldata _rawCompressedData
    ) external payable returns (bytes32 bytecodeHash);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IContractDeployer {
    /// @notice Defines the version of the account abstraction protocol
    /// that a contract claims to follow.
    /// - `None` means that the account is just a contract and it should never be interacted
    /// with as a custom account
    /// - `Version1` means that the account follows the first version of the account abstraction protocol
    enum AccountAbstractionVersion {
        None,
        Version1
    }

    /// @notice Defines the nonce ordering used by the account
    /// - `Sequential` means that it is expected that the nonces are monotonic and increment by 1
    /// at a time (the same as EOAs).
    /// - `Arbitrary` means that the nonces for the accounts can be arbitrary. The operator
    /// should serve the transactions from such an account on a first-come-first-serve basis.
    /// @dev This ordering is more of a suggestion to the operator on how the AA expects its transactions
    /// to be processed and is not considered as a system invariant.
    enum AccountNonceOrdering {
        Sequential,
        Arbitrary
    }

    struct AccountInfo {
        AccountAbstractionVersion supportedAAVersion;
        AccountNonceOrdering nonceOrdering;
    }

    event ContractDeployed(
        address indexed deployerAddress,
        bytes32 indexed bytecodeHash,
        address indexed contractAddress
    );

    event AccountNonceOrderingUpdated(address indexed accountAddress, AccountNonceOrdering nonceOrdering);

    event AccountVersionUpdated(address indexed accountAddress, AccountAbstractionVersion aaVersion);

    function getNewAddressCreate2(
        address _sender,
        bytes32 _bytecodeHash,
        bytes32 _salt,
        bytes calldata _input
    ) external view returns (address newAddress);

    function getNewAddressCreate(address _sender, uint256 _senderNonce) external pure returns (address newAddress);

    function create2(
        bytes32 _salt,
        bytes32 _bytecodeHash,
        bytes calldata _input
    ) external payable returns (address newAddress);

    function create2Account(
        bytes32 _salt,
        bytes32 _bytecodeHash,
        bytes calldata _input,
        AccountAbstractionVersion _aaVersion
    ) external payable returns (address newAddress);

    /// @dev While the `_salt` parameter is not used anywhere here,
    /// it is still needed for consistency between `create` and
    /// `create2` functions (required by the compiler).
    function create(
        bytes32 _salt,
        bytes32 _bytecodeHash,
        bytes calldata _input
    ) external payable returns (address newAddress);

    /// @dev While `_salt` is never used here, we leave it here as a parameter
    /// for the consistency with the `create` function.
    function createAccount(
        bytes32 _salt,
        bytes32 _bytecodeHash,
        bytes calldata _input,
        AccountAbstractionVersion _aaVersion
    ) external payable returns (address newAddress);

    /// @notice Returns the information about a certain AA.
    function getAccountInfo(address _address) external view returns (AccountInfo memory info);

    /// @notice Can be called by an account to update its account version
    function updateAccountVersion(AccountAbstractionVersion _version) external;

    /// @notice Can be called by an account to update its nonce ordering
    function updateNonceOrdering(AccountNonceOrdering _nonceOrdering) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IEthToken {
    function balanceOf(uint256) external view returns (uint256);

    function transferFromTo(address _from, address _to, uint256 _amount) external;

    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    function name() external pure returns (string memory);

    function symbol() external pure returns (string memory);

    function decimals() external pure returns (uint8);

    function mint(address _account, uint256 _amount) external;

    function withdraw(address _l1Receiver) external payable;

    event Mint(address indexed account, uint256 amount);

    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    event Withdrawal(address indexed _l2Sender, address indexed _l1Receiver, uint256 _amount);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

struct ImmutableData {
    uint256 index;
    bytes32 value;
}

interface IImmutableSimulator {
    function getImmutable(address _dest, uint256 _index) external view returns (bytes32);

    function setImmutables(address _dest, ImmutableData[] calldata _immutables) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IKnownCodesStorage {
    event MarkedAsKnown(bytes32 indexed bytecodeHash, bool indexed sendBytecodeToL1);

    function markFactoryDeps(bool _shouldSendToL1, bytes32[] calldata _hashes) external;

    function markBytecodeAsPublished(
        bytes32 _bytecodeHash,
        bytes32 _l1PreimageHash,
        uint256 _l1PreimageBytesLen
    ) external;

    function getMarker(bytes32 _hash) external view returns (uint256);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IL1Messenger {
    // Possibly in the future we will be able to track the messages sent to L1 with
    // some hooks in the VM. For now, it is much easier to track them with L2 events.
    event L1MessageSent(address indexed _sender, bytes32 indexed _hash, bytes _message);

    function sendToL1(bytes memory _message) external returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @author Matter Labs
 * @dev Interface of the nonce holder contract -- a contract used by the system to ensure
 * that there is always a unique identifier for a transaction with a particular account (we call it nonce).
 * In other words, the pair of (address, nonce) should always be unique.
 * @dev Custom accounts should use methods of this contract to store nonces or other possible unique identifiers
 * for the transaction.
 */
interface INonceHolder {
    event ValueSetUnderNonce(address indexed accountAddress, uint256 indexed key, uint256 value);

    /// @dev Returns the current minimal nonce for account.
    function getMinNonce(address _address) external view returns (uint256);

    /// @dev Returns the raw version of the current minimal nonce
    /// (equal to minNonce + 2^128 * deployment nonce).
    function getRawNonce(address _address) external view returns (uint256);

    /// @dev Increases the minimal nonce for the msg.sender.
    function increaseMinNonce(uint256 _value) external returns (uint256);

    /// @dev Sets the nonce value `key` as used.
    function setValueUnderNonce(uint256 _key, uint256 _value) external;

    /// @dev Gets the value stored inside a custom nonce.
    function getValueUnderNonce(uint256 _key) external view returns (uint256);

    /// @dev A convenience method to increment the minimal nonce if it is equal
    /// to the `_expectedNonce`.
    function incrementMinNonceIfEquals(uint256 _expectedNonce) external;

    /// @dev Returns the deployment nonce for the accounts used for CREATE opcode.
    function getDeploymentNonce(address _address) external view returns (uint256);

    /// @dev Increments the deployment nonce for the account and returns the previous one.
    function incrementDeploymentNonce(address _address) external returns (uint256);

    /// @dev Determines whether a certain nonce has been already used for an account.
    function validateNonceUsage(address _address, uint256 _key, bool _shouldBeUsed) external view;

    /// @dev Returns whether a nonce has been used for an account.
    function isNonceUsed(address _address, uint256 _nonce) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../libraries/TransactionHelper.sol";

enum ExecutionResult {
    Revert,
    Success
}

bytes4 constant PAYMASTER_VALIDATION_SUCCESS_MAGIC = IPaymaster.validateAndPayForPaymasterTransaction.selector;

interface IPaymaster {
    /// @dev Called by the bootloader to verify that the paymaster agrees to pay for the
    /// fee for the transaction. This transaction should also send the necessary amount of funds onto the bootloader
    /// address.
    /// @param _txHash The hash of the transaction
    /// @param _suggestedSignedHash The hash of the transaction that is signed by an EOA
    /// @param _transaction The transaction itself.
    /// @return magic The value that should be equal to the signature of the validateAndPayForPaymasterTransaction
    /// if the paymaster agrees to pay for the transaction.
    /// @return context The "context" of the transaction: an array of bytes of length at most 1024 bytes, which will be
    /// passed to the `postTransaction` method of the account.
    /// @dev The developer should strive to preserve as many steps as possible both for valid
    /// and invalid transactions as this very method is also used during the gas fee estimation
    /// (without some of the necessary data, e.g. signature).
    function validateAndPayForPaymasterTransaction(
        bytes32 _txHash,
        bytes32 _suggestedSignedHash,
        Transaction calldata _transaction
    ) external payable returns (bytes4 magic, bytes memory context);

    /// @dev Called by the bootloader after the execution of the transaction. Please note that
    /// there is no guarantee that this method will be called at all. Unlike the original EIP4337,
    /// this method won't be called if the transaction execution results in out-of-gas.
    /// @param _context, the context of the execution, returned by the "validateAndPayForPaymasterTransaction" method.
    /// @param  _transaction, the users' transaction.
    /// @param _txResult, the result of the transaction execution (success or failure).
    /// @param _maxRefundedGas, the upper bound on the amout of gas that could be refunded to the paymaster.
    /// @dev The exact amount refunded depends on the gas spent by the "postOp" itself and so the developers should
    /// take that into account.
    function postTransaction(
        bytes calldata _context,
        Transaction calldata _transaction,
        bytes32 _txHash,
        bytes32 _suggestedSignedHash,
        ExecutionResult _txResult,
        uint256 _maxRefundedGas
    ) external payable;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @author Matter Labs
 * @dev The interface that is used for encoding/decoding of
 * different types of paymaster flows.
 * @notice This is NOT an interface to be implementated
 * by contracts. It is just used for encoding.
 */
interface IPaymasterFlow {
    function general(bytes calldata input) external;

    function approvalBased(address _token, uint256 _minAllowance, bytes calldata _innerInput) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @author Matter Labs
 * @notice Contract that stores some of the context variables, that may be either
 * block-scoped, tx-scoped or system-wide.
 */
interface ISystemContext {
    function chainId() external view returns (uint256);

    function origin() external view returns (address);

    function gasPrice() external view returns (uint256);

    function blockGasLimit() external view returns (uint256);

    function coinbase() external view returns (address);

    function difficulty() external view returns (uint256);

    function baseFee() external view returns (uint256);

    function blockHash(uint256 _block) external view returns (bytes32);

    function getBlockHashEVM(uint256 _block) external view returns (bytes32);

    function getBlockNumberAndTimestamp() external view returns (uint256 blockNumber, uint256 blockTimestamp);

    // Note, that for now, the implementation of the bootloader allows this variables to
    // be incremented multiple times inside a block, so it should not relied upon right now.
    function getBlockNumber() external view returns (uint256);

    function getBlockTimestamp() external view returns (uint256);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./SystemContractHelper.sol";
import "./Utils.sol";
import {SHA256_SYSTEM_CONTRACT, KECCAK256_SYSTEM_CONTRACT} from "../Constants.sol";

/**
 * @author Matter Labs
 * @notice This library is used to perform ultra-efficient calls using zkEVM-specific features.
 * @dev EVM calls always accept a memory slice as input and return a memory slice as output.
 * Therefore, even if the user has a ready-made calldata slice, they still need to copy it to memory
 * before calling. This is especially inefficient for large inputs (proxies, multi-calls, etc.).
 * In turn, zkEVM operates over a fat pointer, which is a set of (memory page, offset, start, length) in the memory/calldata/returndata.
 * This allows forwarding the calldata slice as is, without copying it to memory.
 * @dev Fat pointer is not just an integer, it is an extended data type supported on the VM level.
 * zkEVM creates the wellformed fat pointers for all the calldata/returndata regions, later
 * the contract may manipulate the already created fat pointers to forward a slice of the data, but not
 * to create new fat pointers!
 * @dev The allowed operation on fat pointers are:
 * 1. `ptr.add` - Transforms `ptr.offset` into `ptr.offset + u32(_value)`. If overflow happens then it panics.
 * 2. `ptr.sub` - Transforms `ptr.offset` into `ptr.offset - u32(_value)`. If underflow happens then it panics.
 * 3. `ptr.pack` - Do the concatenation between the lowest 128 bits of the pointer itself and the highest 128 bits of `_value`. It is typically used to prepare the ABI for external calls.
 * 4. `ptr.shrink` - Transforms `ptr.length` into `ptr.length - u32(_shrink)`. If underflow happens then it panics.
 * @dev The call opcodes accept the fat pointer and change it to its canonical form before passing it to the child call
 * 1. `ptr.start` is transformed into `ptr.offset + ptr.start`
 * 2. `ptr.length` is transformed into `ptr.length - ptr.offset`
 * 3. `ptr.offset` is transformed into `0`
 */
library EfficientCall {
    /// @notice Call the `keccak256` without copying calldata to memory.
    /// @param _data The preimage data.
    /// @return The `keccak256` hash.
    function keccak(bytes calldata _data) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        bytes memory returnData = staticCall(gasleft(), KECCAK256_SYSTEM_CONTRACT, _data);
        require(returnData.length == 32, "keccak256 returned invalid data");
        return bytes32(returnData);
    }

    /// @notice Call the `sha256` precompile without copying calldata to memory.
    /// @param _data The preimage data.
    /// @return The `sha256` hash.
    function sha(bytes calldata _data) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        bytes memory returnData = staticCall(gasleft(), SHA256_SYSTEM_CONTRACT, _data);
        require(returnData.length == 32, "sha returned invalid data");
        return bytes32(returnData);
    }

    /// @notice Perform a `call` without copying calldata to memory.
    /// @param _gas The gas to use for the call.
    /// @param _address The address to call.
    /// @param _value The `msg.value` to send.
    /// @param _data The calldata to use for the call.
    /// @param _isSystem Whether the call should contain the `isSystem` flag.
    /// @return returnData The copied to memory return data.
    function call(
        uint256 _gas,
        address _address,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes calldata _data,
        bool _isSystem
    ) internal returns (bytes memory returnData) {
        bool success = rawCall(_gas, _address, _value, _data, _isSystem);
        returnData = _verifyCallResult(success);
    }

    /// @notice Perform a `staticCall` without copying calldata to memory.
    /// @param _gas The gas to use for the call.
    /// @param _address The address to call.
    /// @param _data The calldata to use for the call.
    /// @return returnData The copied to memory return data.
    function staticCall(
        uint256 _gas,
        address _address,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory returnData) {
        bool success = rawStaticCall(_gas, _address, _data);
        returnData = _verifyCallResult(success);
    }

    /// @notice Perform a `delegateCall` without copying calldata to memory.
    /// @param _gas The gas to use for the call.
    /// @param _address The address to call.
    /// @param _data The calldata to use for the call.
    /// @return returnData The copied to memory return data.
    function delegateCall(
        uint256 _gas,
        address _address,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) internal returns (bytes memory returnData) {
        bool success = rawDelegateCall(_gas, _address, _data);
        returnData = _verifyCallResult(success);
    }

    /// @notice Perform a `mimicCall` (a call with custom msg.sender) without copying calldata to memory.
    /// @param _gas The gas to use for the call.
    /// @param _address The address to call.
    /// @param _data The calldata to use for the call.
    /// @param _whoToMimic The `msg.sender` for the next call.
    /// @param _isConstructor Whether the call should contain the `isConstructor` flag.
    /// @param _isSystem Whether the call should contain the `isSystem` flag.
    /// @return returnData The copied to memory return data.
    function mimicCall(
        uint256 _gas,
        address _address,
        bytes calldata _data,
        address _whoToMimic,
        bool _isConstructor,
        bool _isSystem
    ) internal returns (bytes memory returnData) {
        bool success = rawMimicCall(_gas, _address, _data, _whoToMimic, _isConstructor, _isSystem);
        returnData = _verifyCallResult(success);
    }

    /// @notice Perform a `call` without copying calldata to memory.
    /// @param _gas The gas to use for the call.
    /// @param _address The address to call.
    /// @param _value The `msg.value` to send.
    /// @param _data The calldata to use for the call.
    /// @param _isSystem Whether the call should contain the `isSystem` flag.
    /// @return success whether the call was successful.
    function rawCall(
        uint256 _gas,
        address _address,
        uint256 _value,
        bytes calldata _data,
        bool _isSystem
    ) internal returns (bool success) {
        if (_value == 0) {
            _loadFarCallABIIntoActivePtr(_gas, _data, false, _isSystem);

            address callAddr = RAW_FAR_CALL_BY_REF_CALL_ADDRESS;
            assembly {
                success := call(_address, callAddr, 0, 0, 0xFFFF, 0, 0)
            }
        } else {
            _loadFarCallABIIntoActivePtr(_gas, _data, false, true);

            // If there is provided `msg.value` call the `MsgValueSimulator` to forward ether.
            address msgValueSimulator = MSG_VALUE_SYSTEM_CONTRACT;
            address callAddr = SYSTEM_CALL_BY_REF_CALL_ADDRESS;
            // We need to supply the mask to the MsgValueSimulator to denote
            // that the call should be a system one.
            uint256 forwardMask = _isSystem ? MSG_VALUE_SIMULATOR_IS_SYSTEM_BIT : 0;

            assembly {
                success := call(msgValueSimulator, callAddr, _value, _address, 0xFFFF, forwardMask, 0)
            }
        }
    }

    /// @notice Perform a `staticCall` without copying calldata to memory.
    /// @param _gas The gas to use for the call.
    /// @param _address The address to call.
    /// @param _data The calldata to use for the call.
    /// @return success whether the call was successful.
    function rawStaticCall(uint256 _gas, address _address, bytes calldata _data) internal view returns (bool success) {
        _loadFarCallABIIntoActivePtr(_gas, _data, false, false);

        address callAddr = RAW_FAR_CALL_BY_REF_CALL_ADDRESS;
        assembly {
            success := staticcall(_address, callAddr, 0, 0xFFFF, 0, 0)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Perform a `delegatecall` without copying calldata to memory.
    /// @param _gas The gas to use for the call.
    /// @param _address The address to call.
    /// @param _data The calldata to use for the call.
    /// @return success whether the call was successful.
    function rawDelegateCall(uint256 _gas, address _address, bytes calldata _data) internal returns (bool success) {
        _loadFarCallABIIntoActivePtr(_gas, _data, false, false);

        address callAddr = RAW_FAR_CALL_BY_REF_CALL_ADDRESS;
        assembly {
            success := delegatecall(_address, callAddr, 0, 0xFFFF, 0, 0)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Perform a `mimicCall` (call with custom msg.sender) without copying calldata to memory.
    /// @param _gas The gas to use for the call.
    /// @param _address The address to call.
    /// @param _data The calldata to use for the call.
    /// @param _whoToMimic The `msg.sender` for the next call.
    /// @param _isConstructor Whether the call should contain the `isConstructor` flag.
    /// @param _isSystem Whether the call should contain the `isSystem` flag.
    /// @return success whether the call was successful.
    /// @dev If called not in kernel mode, it will result in a revert (enforced by the VM)
    function rawMimicCall(
        uint256 _gas,
        address _address,
        bytes calldata _data,
        address _whoToMimic,
        bool _isConstructor,
        bool _isSystem
    ) internal returns (bool success) {
        _loadFarCallABIIntoActivePtr(_gas, _data, _isConstructor, _isSystem);

        address callAddr = MIMIC_CALL_BY_REF_CALL_ADDRESS;
        uint256 cleanupMask = ADDRESS_MASK;
        assembly {
            // Clearing values before usage in assembly, since Solidity
            // doesn't do it by default
            _whoToMimic := and(_whoToMimic, cleanupMask)

            success := call(_address, callAddr, 0, 0, _whoToMimic, 0, 0)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Verify that a low-level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, by bubbling the revert reason.
    /// @param _success Whether the call was successful.
    /// @return returnData The copied to memory return data.
    function _verifyCallResult(bool _success) private pure returns (bytes memory returnData) {
        if (_success) {
            uint256 size;
            assembly {
                size := returndatasize()
            }

            returnData = new bytes(size);
            assembly {
                returndatacopy(add(returnData, 0x20), 0, size)
            }
        } else {
            propagateRevert();
        }
    }

    /// @dev Propagate the revert reason from the current call to the caller.
    function propagateRevert() internal pure {
        assembly {
            let size := returndatasize()
            returndatacopy(0, 0, size)
            revert(0, size)
        }
    }

    /// @dev Load the far call ABI into active ptr, that will be used for the next call by reference.
    /// @param _gas The gas to be passed to the call.
    /// @param _data The calldata to be passed to the call.
    /// @param _isConstructor Whether the call is a constructor call.
    /// @param _isSystem Whether the call is a system call.
    function _loadFarCallABIIntoActivePtr(
        uint256 _gas,
        bytes calldata _data,
        bool _isConstructor,
        bool _isSystem
    ) private view {
        SystemContractHelper.loadCalldataIntoActivePtr();

        // Currently, zkEVM considers the pointer valid if(ptr.offset < ptr.length || (ptr.length == 0 && ptr.offset == 0)), otherwise panics.
        // So, if the data is empty we need to make the `ptr.length = ptr.offset = 0`, otherwise follow standard logic.
        if (_data.length == 0) {
            // Safe to cast, offset is never bigger than `type(uint32).max`
            SystemContractHelper.ptrShrinkIntoActive(uint32(msg.data.length));
        } else {
            uint256 dataOffset;
            assembly {
                dataOffset := _data.offset
            }

            // Safe to cast, offset is never bigger than `type(uint32).max`
            SystemContractHelper.ptrAddIntoActive(uint32(dataOffset));
            // Safe to cast, `data.length` is never bigger than `type(uint32).max`
            uint32 shrinkTo = uint32(msg.data.length - (_data.length + dataOffset));
            SystemContractHelper.ptrShrinkIntoActive(shrinkTo);
        }

        uint32 gas = Utils.safeCastToU32(_gas);
        uint256 farCallAbi = SystemContractsCaller.getFarCallABIWithEmptyFatPointer(
            gas,
            // Only rollup is supported for now
            0,
            CalldataForwardingMode.ForwardFatPointer,
            _isConstructor,
            _isSystem
        );
        SystemContractHelper.ptrPackIntoActivePtr(farCallAbi);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

library RLPEncoder {
    function encodeAddress(address _val) internal pure returns (bytes memory encoded) {
        // The size is equal to 20 bytes of the address itself + 1 for encoding bytes length in RLP.
        encoded = new bytes(0x15);

        bytes20 shiftedVal = bytes20(_val);
        assembly {
            // In the first byte we write the encoded length as 0x80 + 0x14 == 0x94.
            mstore(add(encoded, 0x20), 0x9400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000)
            // Write address data without stripping zeros.
            mstore(add(encoded, 0x21), shiftedVal)
        }
    }

    function encodeUint256(uint256 _val) internal pure returns (bytes memory encoded) {
        unchecked {
            if (_val < 128) {
                encoded = new bytes(1);
                // Handle zero as a non-value, since stripping zeroes results in an empty byte array
                encoded[0] = (_val == 0) ? bytes1(uint8(128)) : bytes1(uint8(_val));
            } else {
                uint256 hbs = _highestByteSet(_val);

                encoded = new bytes(hbs + 2);
                encoded[0] = bytes1(uint8(hbs + 0x81));

                uint256 lbs = 31 - hbs;
                uint256 shiftedVal = _val << (lbs * 8);

                assembly {
                    mstore(add(encoded, 0x21), shiftedVal)
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /// @notice Encodes the size of bytes in RLP format.
    /// @param _len The length of the bytes to encode. It has a `uint64` type since as larger values are not supported.
    /// NOTE: panics if the length is 1 since the length encoding is ambiguous in this case.
    function encodeNonSingleBytesLen(uint64 _len) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        assert(_len != 1);
        return _encodeLength(_len, 0x80);
    }

    /// @notice Encodes the size of list items in RLP format.
    /// @param _len The length of the bytes to encode. It has a `uint64` type since as larger values are not supported.
    function encodeListLen(uint64 _len) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        return _encodeLength(_len, 0xc0);
    }

    function _encodeLength(uint64 _len, uint256 _offset) private pure returns (bytes memory encoded) {
        unchecked {
            if (_len < 56) {
                encoded = new bytes(1);
                encoded[0] = bytes1(uint8(_len + _offset));
            } else {
                uint256 hbs = _highestByteSet(uint256(_len));

                encoded = new bytes(hbs + 2);
                encoded[0] = bytes1(uint8(_offset + hbs + 56));

                uint256 lbs = 31 - hbs;
                uint256 shiftedVal = uint256(_len) << (lbs * 8);

                assembly {
                    mstore(add(encoded, 0x21), shiftedVal)
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /// @notice Computes the index of the highest byte set in number.
    /// @notice Uses little endian ordering (The least significant byte has index `0`).
    /// NOTE: returns `0` for `0`
    function _highestByteSet(uint256 _number) private pure returns (uint256 hbs) {
        unchecked {
            if (_number > type(uint128).max) {
                _number >>= 128;
                hbs += 16;
            }
            if (_number > type(uint64).max) {
                _number >>= 64;
                hbs += 8;
            }
            if (_number > type(uint32).max) {
                _number >>= 32;
                hbs += 4;
            }
            if (_number > type(uint16).max) {
                _number >>= 16;
                hbs += 2;
            }
            if (_number > type(uint8).max) {
                hbs += 1;
            }
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8;

import {MAX_SYSTEM_CONTRACT_ADDRESS, MSG_VALUE_SYSTEM_CONTRACT} from "../Constants.sol";

import "./SystemContractsCaller.sol";
import "./Utils.sol";

uint256 constant UINT32_MASK = 0xffffffff;
uint256 constant UINT128_MASK = 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff;
/// @dev The mask that is used to convert any uint256 to a proper address.
/// It needs to be padded with `00` to be treated as uint256 by Solidity
uint256 constant ADDRESS_MASK = 0x00ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff;

struct ZkSyncMeta {
    uint32 gasPerPubdataByte;
    uint32 heapSize;
    uint32 auxHeapSize;
    uint8 shardId;
    uint8 callerShardId;
    uint8 codeShardId;
}

enum Global {
    CalldataPtr,
    CallFlags,
    ExtraABIData1,
    ExtraABIData2,
    ReturndataPtr
}

/**
 * @author Matter Labs
 * @notice Library used for accessing zkEVM-specific opcodes, needed for the development
 * of system contracts.
 * @dev While this library will be eventually available to public, some of the provided
 * methods won't work for non-system contracts. We will not recommend this library
 * for external use.
 */
library SystemContractHelper {
    /// @notice Send an L2Log to L1.
    /// @param _isService The `isService` flag.
    /// @param _key The `key` part of the L2Log.
    /// @param _value The `value` part of the L2Log.
    /// @dev The meaning of all these parameters is context-dependent, but they
    /// have no intrinsic meaning per se.
    function toL1(bool _isService, bytes32 _key, bytes32 _value) internal {
        address callAddr = TO_L1_CALL_ADDRESS;
        assembly {
            // Ensuring that the type is bool
            _isService := and(_isService, 1)
            // This `success` is always 0, but the method always succeeds
            // (except for the cases when there is not enough gas)
            let success := call(_isService, callAddr, _key, _value, 0xFFFF, 0, 0)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Get address of the currently executed code.
    /// @dev This allows differentiating between `call` and `delegatecall`.
    /// During the former `this` and `codeAddress` are the same, while
    /// during the latter they are not.
    function getCodeAddress() internal view returns (address addr) {
        address callAddr = CODE_ADDRESS_CALL_ADDRESS;
        assembly {
            addr := staticcall(0, callAddr, 0, 0xFFFF, 0, 0)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Provide a compiler hint, by placing calldata fat pointer into virtual `ACTIVE_PTR`,
    /// that can be manipulated by `ptr.add`/`ptr.sub`/`ptr.pack`/`ptr.shrink` later.
    /// @dev This allows making a call by forwarding calldata pointer to the child call.
    /// It is a much more efficient way to forward calldata, than standard EVM bytes copying.
    function loadCalldataIntoActivePtr() internal view {
        address callAddr = LOAD_CALLDATA_INTO_ACTIVE_PTR_CALL_ADDRESS;
        assembly {
            pop(staticcall(0, callAddr, 0, 0xFFFF, 0, 0))
        }
    }

    /// @notice Compiler simulation of the `ptr.pack` opcode for the virtual `ACTIVE_PTR` pointer.
    /// @dev Do the concatenation between lowest part of `ACTIVE_PTR` and highest part of `_farCallAbi`
    /// forming packed fat pointer for a far call or ret ABI when necessary.
    /// Note: Panics if the lowest 128 bits of `_farCallAbi` are not zeroes.
    function ptrPackIntoActivePtr(uint256 _farCallAbi) internal view {
        address callAddr = PTR_PACK_INTO_ACTIVE_CALL_ADDRESS;
        assembly {
            pop(staticcall(_farCallAbi, callAddr, 0, 0xFFFF, 0, 0))
        }
    }

    /// @notice Compiler simulation of the `ptr.add` opcode for the virtual `ACTIVE_PTR` pointer.
    /// @dev Transforms `ACTIVE_PTR.offset` into `ACTIVE_PTR.offset + u32(_value)`. If overflow happens then it panics.
    function ptrAddIntoActive(uint32 _value) internal view {
        address callAddr = PTR_ADD_INTO_ACTIVE_CALL_ADDRESS;
        uint256 cleanupMask = UINT32_MASK;
        assembly {
            // Clearing input params as they are not cleaned by Solidity by default
            _value := and(_value, cleanupMask)
            pop(staticcall(_value, callAddr, 0, 0xFFFF, 0, 0))
        }
    }

    /// @notice Compiler simulation of the `ptr.shrink` opcode for the virtual `ACTIVE_PTR` pointer.
    /// @dev Transforms `ACTIVE_PTR.length` into `ACTIVE_PTR.length - u32(_shrink)`. If underflow happens then it panics.
    function ptrShrinkIntoActive(uint32 _shrink) internal view {
        address callAddr = PTR_SHRINK_INTO_ACTIVE_CALL_ADDRESS;
        uint256 cleanupMask = UINT32_MASK;
        assembly {
            // Clearing input params as they are not cleaned by Solidity by default
            _shrink := and(_shrink, cleanupMask)
            pop(staticcall(_shrink, callAddr, 0, 0xFFFF, 0, 0))
        }
    }

    /// @notice packs precompile parameters into one word
    /// @param _inputMemoryOffset The memory offset in 32-byte words for the input data for calling the precompile.
    /// @param _inputMemoryLength The length of the input data in words.
    /// @param _outputMemoryOffset The memory offset in 32-byte words for the output data.
    /// @param _outputMemoryLength The length of the output data in words.
    /// @param _perPrecompileInterpreted The constant, the meaning of which is defined separately for
    /// each precompile. For information, please read the documentation of the precompilecall log in
    /// the VM.
    function packPrecompileParams(
        uint32 _inputMemoryOffset,
        uint32 _inputMemoryLength,
        uint32 _outputMemoryOffset,
        uint32 _outputMemoryLength,
        uint64 _perPrecompileInterpreted
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 rawParams) {
        rawParams = _inputMemoryOffset;
        rawParams |= uint256(_inputMemoryLength) << 32;
        rawParams |= uint256(_outputMemoryOffset) << 64;
        rawParams |= uint256(_outputMemoryLength) << 96;
        rawParams |= uint256(_perPrecompileInterpreted) << 192;
    }

    /// @notice Call precompile with given parameters.
    /// @param _rawParams The packed precompile params. They can be retrieved by
    /// the `packPrecompileParams` method.
    /// @param _gasToBurn The number of gas to burn during this call.
    /// @return success Whether the call was successful.
    /// @dev The list of currently available precompiles sha256, keccak256, ecrecover.
    /// NOTE: The precompile type depends on `this` which calls precompile, which means that only
    /// system contracts corresponding to the list of precompiles above can do `precompileCall`.
    /// @dev If used not in the `sha256`, `keccak256` or `ecrecover` contracts, it will just burn the gas provided.
    function precompileCall(uint256 _rawParams, uint32 _gasToBurn) internal view returns (bool success) {
        address callAddr = PRECOMPILE_CALL_ADDRESS;

        // After `precompileCall` gas will be burned down to 0 if there are not enough of them,
        // thats why it should be checked before the call.
        require(gasleft() >= _gasToBurn);
        uint256 cleanupMask = UINT32_MASK;
        assembly {
            // Clearing input params as they are not cleaned by Solidity by default
            _gasToBurn := and(_gasToBurn, cleanupMask)
            success := staticcall(_rawParams, callAddr, _gasToBurn, 0xFFFF, 0, 0)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Set `msg.value` to next far call.
    /// @param _value The msg.value that will be used for the *next* call.
    /// @dev If called not in kernel mode, it will result in a revert (enforced by the VM)
    function setValueForNextFarCall(uint128 _value) internal returns (bool success) {
        uint256 cleanupMask = UINT128_MASK;
        address callAddr = SET_CONTEXT_VALUE_CALL_ADDRESS;
        assembly {
            // Clearing input params as they are not cleaned by Solidity by default
            _value := and(_value, cleanupMask)
            success := call(0, callAddr, _value, 0, 0xFFFF, 0, 0)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Initialize a new event.
    /// @param initializer The event initializing value.
    /// @param value1 The first topic or data chunk.
    function eventInitialize(uint256 initializer, uint256 value1) internal {
        address callAddr = EVENT_INITIALIZE_ADDRESS;
        assembly {
            pop(call(initializer, callAddr, value1, 0, 0xFFFF, 0, 0))
        }
    }

    /// @notice Continue writing the previously initialized event.
    /// @param value1 The first topic or data chunk.
    /// @param value2 The second topic or data chunk.
    function eventWrite(uint256 value1, uint256 value2) internal {
        address callAddr = EVENT_WRITE_ADDRESS;
        assembly {
            pop(call(value1, callAddr, value2, 0, 0xFFFF, 0, 0))
        }
    }

    /// @notice Get the packed representation of the `ZkSyncMeta` from the current context.
    /// @return meta The packed representation of the ZkSyncMeta.
    /// @dev The fields in ZkSyncMeta are NOT tightly packed, i.e. there is a special rule on how
    /// they are packed. For more information, please read the documentation on ZkSyncMeta.
    function getZkSyncMetaBytes() internal view returns (uint256 meta) {
        address callAddr = META_CALL_ADDRESS;
        assembly {
            meta := staticcall(0, callAddr, 0, 0xFFFF, 0, 0)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Returns the bits [offset..offset+size-1] of the meta.
    /// @param meta Packed representation of the ZkSyncMeta.
    /// @param offset The offset of the bits.
    /// @param size The size of the extracted number in bits.
    /// @return result The extracted number.
    function extractNumberFromMeta(uint256 meta, uint256 offset, uint256 size) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        // Firstly, we delete all the bits after the field
        uint256 shifted = (meta << (256 - size - offset));
        // Then we shift everything back
        result = (shifted >> (256 - size));
    }

    /// @notice Given the packed representation of `ZkSyncMeta`, retrieves the number of gas
    /// that a single byte sent to L1 as pubdata costs.
    /// @param meta Packed representation of the ZkSyncMeta.
    /// @return gasPerPubdataByte The current price in gas per pubdata byte.
    function getGasPerPubdataByteFromMeta(uint256 meta) internal pure returns (uint32 gasPerPubdataByte) {
        gasPerPubdataByte = uint32(extractNumberFromMeta(meta, META_GAS_PER_PUBDATA_BYTE_OFFSET, 32));
    }

    /// @notice Given the packed representation of `ZkSyncMeta`, retrieves the number of the current size
    /// of the heap in bytes.
    /// @param meta Packed representation of the ZkSyncMeta.
    /// @return heapSize The size of the memory in bytes byte.
    /// @dev The following expression: getHeapSizeFromMeta(getZkSyncMetaBytes()) is
    /// equivalent to the MSIZE in Solidity.
    function getHeapSizeFromMeta(uint256 meta) internal pure returns (uint32 heapSize) {
        heapSize = uint32(extractNumberFromMeta(meta, META_HEAP_SIZE_OFFSET, 32));
    }

    /// @notice Given the packed representation of `ZkSyncMeta`, retrieves the number of the current size
    /// of the auxilary heap in bytes.
    /// @param meta Packed representation of the ZkSyncMeta.
    /// @return auxHeapSize The size of the auxilary memory in bytes byte.
    /// @dev You can read more on auxilary memory in the VM1.2 documentation.
    function getAuxHeapSizeFromMeta(uint256 meta) internal pure returns (uint32 auxHeapSize) {
        auxHeapSize = uint32(extractNumberFromMeta(meta, META_AUX_HEAP_SIZE_OFFSET, 32));
    }

    /// @notice Given the packed representation of `ZkSyncMeta`, retrieves the shardId of `this`.
    /// @param meta Packed representation of the ZkSyncMeta.
    /// @return shardId The shardId of `this`.
    /// @dev Currently only shard 0 (zkRollup) is supported.
    function getShardIdFromMeta(uint256 meta) internal pure returns (uint8 shardId) {
        shardId = uint8(extractNumberFromMeta(meta, META_SHARD_ID_OFFSET, 8));
    }

    /// @notice Given the packed representation of `ZkSyncMeta`, retrieves the shardId of
    /// the msg.sender.
    /// @param meta Packed representation of the ZkSyncMeta.
    /// @return callerShardId The shardId of the msg.sender.
    /// @dev Currently only shard 0 (zkRollup) is supported.
    function getCallerShardIdFromMeta(uint256 meta) internal pure returns (uint8 callerShardId) {
        callerShardId = uint8(extractNumberFromMeta(meta, META_CALLER_SHARD_ID_OFFSET, 8));
    }

    /// @notice Given the packed representation of `ZkSyncMeta`, retrieves the shardId of
    /// the currently executed code.
    /// @param meta Packed representation of the ZkSyncMeta.
    /// @return codeShardId The shardId of the currently executed code.
    /// @dev Currently only shard 0 (zkRollup) is supported.
    function getCodeShardIdFromMeta(uint256 meta) internal pure returns (uint8 codeShardId) {
        codeShardId = uint8(extractNumberFromMeta(meta, META_CODE_SHARD_ID_OFFSET, 8));
    }

    /// @notice Retrieves the ZkSyncMeta structure.
    /// @return meta The ZkSyncMeta execution context parameters.
    function getZkSyncMeta() internal view returns (ZkSyncMeta memory meta) {
        uint256 metaPacked = getZkSyncMetaBytes();
        meta.gasPerPubdataByte = getGasPerPubdataByteFromMeta(metaPacked);
        meta.shardId = getShardIdFromMeta(metaPacked);
        meta.callerShardId = getCallerShardIdFromMeta(metaPacked);
        meta.codeShardId = getCodeShardIdFromMeta(metaPacked);
    }

    /// @notice Returns the call flags for the current call.
    /// @return callFlags The bitmask of the callflags.
    /// @dev Call flags is the value of the first register
    /// at the start of the call.
    /// @dev The zero bit of the callFlags indicates whether the call is
    /// a constructor call. The first bit of the callFlags indicates whether
    /// the call is a system one.
    function getCallFlags() internal view returns (uint256 callFlags) {
        address callAddr = CALLFLAGS_CALL_ADDRESS;
        assembly {
            callFlags := staticcall(0, callAddr, 0, 0xFFFF, 0, 0)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Returns the current calldata pointer.
    /// @return ptr The current calldata pointer.
    /// @dev NOTE: This file is just an integer and it can not be used
    /// to forward the calldata to the next calls in any way.
    function getCalldataPtr() internal view returns (uint256 ptr) {
        address callAddr = PTR_CALLDATA_CALL_ADDRESS;
        assembly {
            ptr := staticcall(0, callAddr, 0, 0xFFFF, 0, 0)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Returns the N-th extraAbiParam for the current call.
    /// @return extraAbiData The value of the N-th extraAbiParam for this call.
    /// @dev It is equal to the value of the (N+2)-th register
    /// at the start of the call.
    function getExtraAbiData(uint256 index) internal view returns (uint256 extraAbiData) {
        require(index < 10, "There are only 10 accessible registers");

        address callAddr = GET_EXTRA_ABI_DATA_ADDRESS;
        assembly {
            extraAbiData := staticcall(index, callAddr, 0, 0xFFFF, 0, 0)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Retuns whether the current call is a system call.
    /// @return `true` or `false` based on whether the current call is a system call.
    function isSystemCall() internal view returns (bool) {
        uint256 callFlags = getCallFlags();
        // When the system call is passed, the 2-bit it set to 1
        return (callFlags & 2) != 0;
    }

    /// @notice Returns whether the address is a system contract.
    /// @param _address The address to test
    /// @return `true` or `false` based on whether the `_address` is a system contract.
    function isSystemContract(address _address) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return uint160(_address) <= uint160(MAX_SYSTEM_CONTRACT_ADDRESS);
    }
}

/// @dev Solidity does not allow exporting modifiers via libraries, so
/// the only way to do reuse modifiers is to have a base contract
abstract contract ISystemContract {
    /// @notice Modifier that makes sure that the method
    /// can only be called via a system call.
    modifier onlySystemCall() {
        require(
            SystemContractHelper.isSystemCall() || SystemContractHelper.isSystemContract(msg.sender),
            "This method require system call flag"
        );
        _;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8;

import {MSG_VALUE_SYSTEM_CONTRACT, MSG_VALUE_SIMULATOR_IS_SYSTEM_BIT} from "../Constants.sol";
import "./Utils.sol";

// Addresses used for the compiler to be replaced with the
// zkSync-specific opcodes during the compilation.
// IMPORTANT: these are just compile-time constants and are used
// only if used in-place by Yul optimizer.
address constant TO_L1_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 1);
address constant CODE_ADDRESS_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 2);
address constant PRECOMPILE_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 3);
address constant META_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 4);
address constant MIMIC_CALL_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 5);
address constant SYSTEM_MIMIC_CALL_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 6);
address constant MIMIC_CALL_BY_REF_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 7);
address constant SYSTEM_MIMIC_CALL_BY_REF_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 8);
address constant RAW_FAR_CALL_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 9);
address constant RAW_FAR_CALL_BY_REF_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 10);
address constant SYSTEM_CALL_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 11);
address constant SYSTEM_CALL_BY_REF_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 12);
address constant SET_CONTEXT_VALUE_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 13);
address constant SET_PUBDATA_PRICE_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 14);
address constant INCREMENT_TX_COUNTER_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 15);
address constant PTR_CALLDATA_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 16);
address constant CALLFLAGS_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 17);
address constant PTR_RETURNDATA_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 18);
address constant EVENT_INITIALIZE_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 19);
address constant EVENT_WRITE_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 20);
address constant LOAD_CALLDATA_INTO_ACTIVE_PTR_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 21);
address constant LOAD_LATEST_RETURNDATA_INTO_ACTIVE_PTR_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 22);
address constant PTR_ADD_INTO_ACTIVE_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 23);
address constant PTR_SHRINK_INTO_ACTIVE_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 24);
address constant PTR_PACK_INTO_ACTIVE_CALL_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 25);
address constant MULTIPLICATION_HIGH_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 26);
address constant GET_EXTRA_ABI_DATA_ADDRESS = address((1 << 16) - 27);

// All the offsets are in bits
uint256 constant META_GAS_PER_PUBDATA_BYTE_OFFSET = 0 * 8;
uint256 constant META_HEAP_SIZE_OFFSET = 8 * 8;
uint256 constant META_AUX_HEAP_SIZE_OFFSET = 12 * 8;
uint256 constant META_SHARD_ID_OFFSET = 28 * 8;
uint256 constant META_CALLER_SHARD_ID_OFFSET = 29 * 8;
uint256 constant META_CODE_SHARD_ID_OFFSET = 30 * 8;

/// @notice The way to forward the calldata:
/// - Use the current heap (i.e. the same as on EVM).
/// - Use the auxiliary heap.
/// - Forward via a pointer
/// @dev Note, that currently, users do not have access to the auxiliary
/// heap and so the only type of forwarding that will be used by the users
/// are UseHeap and ForwardFatPointer for forwarding a slice of the current calldata
/// to the next call.
enum CalldataForwardingMode {
    UseHeap,
    ForwardFatPointer,
    UseAuxHeap
}

/**
 * @author Matter Labs
 * @notice A library that allows calling contracts with the `isSystem` flag.
 * @dev It is needed to call ContractDeployer and NonceHolder.
 */
library SystemContractsCaller {
    /// @notice Makes a call with the `isSystem` flag.
    /// @param gasLimit The gas limit for the call.
    /// @param to The address to call.
    /// @param value The value to pass with the transaction.
    /// @param data The calldata.
    /// @return success Whether the transaction has been successful.
    /// @dev Note, that the `isSystem` flag can only be set when calling system contracts.
    function systemCall(uint32 gasLimit, address to, uint256 value, bytes memory data) internal returns (bool success) {
        address callAddr = SYSTEM_CALL_CALL_ADDRESS;

        uint32 dataStart;
        assembly {
            dataStart := add(data, 0x20)
        }
        uint32 dataLength = uint32(Utils.safeCastToU32(data.length));

        uint256 farCallAbi = SystemContractsCaller.getFarCallABI(
            0,
            0,
            dataStart,
            dataLength,
            gasLimit,
            // Only rollup is supported for now
            0,
            CalldataForwardingMode.UseHeap,
            false,
            true
        );

        if (value == 0) {
            // Doing the system call directly
            assembly {
                success := call(to, callAddr, 0, 0, farCallAbi, 0, 0)
            }
        } else {
            address msgValueSimulator = MSG_VALUE_SYSTEM_CONTRACT;
            // We need to supply the mask to the MsgValueSimulator to denote
            // that the call should be a system one.
            uint256 forwardMask = MSG_VALUE_SIMULATOR_IS_SYSTEM_BIT;

            assembly {
                success := call(msgValueSimulator, callAddr, value, to, farCallAbi, forwardMask, 0)
            }
        }
    }

    /// @notice Makes a call with the `isSystem` flag.
    /// @param gasLimit The gas limit for the call.
    /// @param to The address to call.
    /// @param value The value to pass with the transaction.
    /// @param data The calldata.
    /// @return success Whether the transaction has been successful.
    /// @return returnData The returndata of the transaction (revert reason in case the transaction has failed).
    /// @dev Note, that the `isSystem` flag can only be set when calling system contracts.
    function systemCallWithReturndata(
        uint32 gasLimit,
        address to,
        uint128 value,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal returns (bool success, bytes memory returnData) {
        success = systemCall(gasLimit, to, value, data);

        uint256 size;
        assembly {
            size := returndatasize()
        }

        returnData = new bytes(size);
        assembly {
            returndatacopy(add(returnData, 0x20), 0, size)
        }
    }

    /// @notice Makes a call with the `isSystem` flag.
    /// @param gasLimit The gas limit for the call.
    /// @param to The address to call.
    /// @param value The value to pass with the transaction.
    /// @param data The calldata.
    /// @return returnData The returndata of the transaction. In case the transaction reverts, the error
    /// bubbles up to the parent frame.
    /// @dev Note, that the `isSystem` flag can only be set when calling system contracts.
    function systemCallWithPropagatedRevert(
        uint32 gasLimit,
        address to,
        uint128 value,
        bytes memory data
    ) internal returns (bytes memory returnData) {
        bool success;
        (success, returnData) = systemCallWithReturndata(gasLimit, to, value, data);

        if (!success) {
            assembly {
                let size := mload(returnData)
                revert(add(returnData, 0x20), size)
            }
        }
    }

    /// @notice Calculates the packed representation of the FarCallABI.
    /// @param dataOffset Calldata offset in memory. Provide 0 unless using custom pointer.
    /// @param memoryPage Memory page to use. Provide 0 unless using custom pointer.
    /// @param dataStart The start of the calldata slice. Provide the offset in memory
    /// if not using custom pointer.
    /// @param dataLength The calldata length. Provide the length of the calldata in bytes
    /// unless using custom pointer.
    /// @param gasPassed The gas to pass with the call.
    /// @param shardId Of the account to call. Currently only 0 is supported.
    /// @param forwardingMode The forwarding mode to use:
    /// - provide CalldataForwardingMode.UseHeap when using your current memory
    /// - provide CalldataForwardingMode.ForwardFatPointer when using custom pointer.
    /// @param isConstructorCall Whether the call will be a call to the constructor
    /// (ignored when the caller is not a system contract).
    /// @param isSystemCall Whether the call will have the `isSystem` flag.
    /// @return farCallAbi The far call ABI.
    /// @dev The `FarCallABI` has the following structure:
    /// pub struct FarCallABI {
    ///     pub memory_quasi_fat_pointer: FatPointer,
    ///     pub gas_passed: u32,
    ///     pub shard_id: u8,
    ///     pub forwarding_mode: FarCallForwardPageType,
    ///     pub constructor_call: bool,
    ///     pub to_system: bool,
    /// }
    ///
    /// The FatPointer struct:
    ///
    /// pub struct FatPointer {
    ///     pub offset: u32, // offset relative to `start`
    ///     pub memory_page: u32, // memory page where slice is located
    ///     pub start: u32, // absolute start of the slice
    ///     pub length: u32, // length of the slice
    /// }
    ///
    /// @dev Note, that the actual layout is the following:
    ///
    /// [0..32) bits -- the calldata offset
    /// [32..64) bits -- the memory page to use. Can be left blank in most of the cases.
    /// [64..96) bits -- the absolute start of the slice
    /// [96..128) bits -- the length of the slice.
    /// [128..192) bits -- empty bits.
    /// [192..224) bits -- gasPassed.
    /// [224..232) bits -- forwarding_mode
    /// [232..240) bits -- shard id.
    /// [240..248) bits -- constructor call flag
    /// [248..256] bits -- system call flag
    function getFarCallABI(
        uint32 dataOffset,
        uint32 memoryPage,
        uint32 dataStart,
        uint32 dataLength,
        uint32 gasPassed,
        uint8 shardId,
        CalldataForwardingMode forwardingMode,
        bool isConstructorCall,
        bool isSystemCall
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 farCallAbi) {
        // Fill in the call parameter fields
        farCallAbi = getFarCallABIWithEmptyFatPointer(
            gasPassed,
            shardId,
            forwardingMode,
            isConstructorCall,
            isSystemCall
        );
        // Fill in the fat pointer fields
        farCallAbi |= dataOffset;
        farCallAbi |= (uint256(memoryPage) << 32);
        farCallAbi |= (uint256(dataStart) << 64);
        farCallAbi |= (uint256(dataLength) << 96);
    }

    /// @notice Calculates the packed representation of the FarCallABI with zero fat pointer fields.
    /// @param gasPassed The gas to pass with the call.
    /// @param shardId Of the account to call. Currently only 0 is supported.
    /// @param forwardingMode The forwarding mode to use:
    /// - provide CalldataForwardingMode.UseHeap when using your current memory
    /// - provide CalldataForwardingMode.ForwardFatPointer when using custom pointer.
    /// @param isConstructorCall Whether the call will be a call to the constructor
    /// (ignored when the caller is not a system contract).
    /// @param isSystemCall Whether the call will have the `isSystem` flag.
    /// @return farCallAbiWithEmptyFatPtr The far call ABI with zero fat pointer fields.
    function getFarCallABIWithEmptyFatPointer(
        uint32 gasPassed,
        uint8 shardId,
        CalldataForwardingMode forwardingMode,
        bool isConstructorCall,
        bool isSystemCall
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 farCallAbiWithEmptyFatPtr) {
        farCallAbiWithEmptyFatPtr |= (uint256(gasPassed) << 192);
        farCallAbiWithEmptyFatPtr |= (uint256(forwardingMode) << 224);
        farCallAbiWithEmptyFatPtr |= (uint256(shardId) << 232);
        if (isConstructorCall) {
            farCallAbiWithEmptyFatPtr |= (1 << 240);
        }
        if (isSystemCall) {
            farCallAbiWithEmptyFatPtr |= (1 << 248);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../openzeppelin/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import "../openzeppelin/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";

import "../interfaces/IPaymasterFlow.sol";
import "../interfaces/IContractDeployer.sol";
import {ETH_TOKEN_SYSTEM_CONTRACT, BOOTLOADER_FORMAL_ADDRESS} from "../Constants.sol";
import "./RLPEncoder.sol";
import "./EfficientCall.sol";

/// @dev The type id of zkSync's EIP-712-signed transaction.
uint8 constant EIP_712_TX_TYPE = 0x71;

/// @dev The type id of legacy transactions.
uint8 constant LEGACY_TX_TYPE = 0x0;
/// @dev The type id of legacy transactions.
uint8 constant EIP_2930_TX_TYPE = 0x01;
/// @dev The type id of EIP1559 transactions.
uint8 constant EIP_1559_TX_TYPE = 0x02;

/// @notice Structure used to represent zkSync transaction.
struct Transaction {
    // The type of the transaction.
    uint256 txType;
    // The caller.
    uint256 from;
    // The callee.
    uint256 to;
    // The gasLimit to pass with the transaction.
    // It has the same meaning as Ethereum's gasLimit.
    uint256 gasLimit;
    // The maximum amount of gas the user is willing to pay for a byte of pubdata.
    uint256 gasPerPubdataByteLimit;
    // The maximum fee per gas that the user is willing to pay.
    // It is akin to EIP1559's maxFeePerGas.
    uint256 maxFeePerGas;
    // The maximum priority fee per gas that the user is willing to pay.
    // It is akin to EIP1559's maxPriorityFeePerGas.
    uint256 maxPriorityFeePerGas;
    // The transaction's paymaster. If there is no paymaster, it is equal to 0.
    uint256 paymaster;
    // The nonce of the transaction.
    uint256 nonce;
    // The value to pass with the transaction.
    uint256 value;
    // In the future, we might want to add some
    // new fields to the struct. The `txData` struct
    // is to be passed to account and any changes to its structure
    // would mean a breaking change to these accounts. In order to prevent this,
    // we should keep some fields as "reserved".
    // It is also recommended that their length is fixed, since
    // it would allow easier proof integration (in case we will need
    // some special circuit for preprocessing transactions).
    uint256[4] reserved;
    // The transaction's calldata.
    bytes data;
    // The signature of the transaction.
    bytes signature;
    // The properly formatted hashes of bytecodes that must be published on L1
    // with the inclusion of this transaction. Note, that a bytecode has been published
    // before, the user won't pay fees for its republishing.
    bytes32[] factoryDeps;
    // The input to the paymaster.
    bytes paymasterInput;
    // Reserved dynamic type for the future use-case. Using it should be avoided,
    // But it is still here, just in case we want to enable some additional functionality.
    bytes reservedDynamic;
}

/**
 * @author Matter Labs
 * @notice Library is used to help custom accounts to work with common methods for the Transaction type.
 */
library TransactionHelper {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    /// @notice The EIP-712 typehash for the contract's domain
    bytes32 constant EIP712_DOMAIN_TYPEHASH = keccak256("EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId)");

    bytes32 constant EIP712_TRANSACTION_TYPE_HASH =
        keccak256(
            "Transaction(uint256 txType,uint256 from,uint256 to,uint256 gasLimit,uint256 gasPerPubdataByteLimit,uint256 maxFeePerGas,uint256 maxPriorityFeePerGas,uint256 paymaster,uint256 nonce,uint256 value,bytes data,bytes32[] factoryDeps,bytes paymasterInput)"
        );

    /// @notice Whether the token is Ethereum.
    /// @param _addr The address of the token
    /// @return `true` or `false` based on whether the token is Ether.
    /// @dev This method assumes that address is Ether either if the address is 0 (for convenience)
    /// or if the address is the address of the L2EthToken system contract.
    function isEthToken(uint256 _addr) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return _addr == uint256(uint160(address(ETH_TOKEN_SYSTEM_CONTRACT))) || _addr == 0;
    }

    /// @notice Calculate the suggested signed hash of the transaction,
    /// i.e. the hash that is signed by EOAs and is recommended to be signed by other accounts.
    function encodeHash(Transaction calldata _transaction) internal view returns (bytes32 resultHash) {
        if (_transaction.txType == LEGACY_TX_TYPE) {
            resultHash = _encodeHashLegacyTransaction(_transaction);
        } else if (_transaction.txType == EIP_712_TX_TYPE) {
            resultHash = _encodeHashEIP712Transaction(_transaction);
        } else if (_transaction.txType == EIP_1559_TX_TYPE) {
            resultHash = _encodeHashEIP1559Transaction(_transaction);
        } else if (_transaction.txType == EIP_2930_TX_TYPE) {
            resultHash = _encodeHashEIP2930Transaction(_transaction);
        } else {
            // Currently no other transaction types are supported.
            // Any new transaction types will be processed in a similar manner.
            revert("Encoding unsupported tx");
        }
    }

    /// @notice Encode hash of the zkSync native transaction type.
    /// @return keccak256 hash of the EIP-712 encoded representation of transaction
    function _encodeHashEIP712Transaction(Transaction calldata _transaction) private view returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 structHash = keccak256(
            abi.encode(
                EIP712_TRANSACTION_TYPE_HASH,
                _transaction.txType,
                _transaction.from,
                _transaction.to,
                _transaction.gasLimit,
                _transaction.gasPerPubdataByteLimit,
                _transaction.maxFeePerGas,
                _transaction.maxPriorityFeePerGas,
                _transaction.paymaster,
                _transaction.nonce,
                _transaction.value,
                EfficientCall.keccak(_transaction.data),
                keccak256(abi.encodePacked(_transaction.factoryDeps)),
                EfficientCall.keccak(_transaction.paymasterInput)
            )
        );

        bytes32 domainSeparator = keccak256(
            abi.encode(EIP712_DOMAIN_TYPEHASH, keccak256("zkSync"), keccak256("2"), block.chainid)
        );

        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19\x01", domainSeparator, structHash));
    }

    /// @notice Encode hash of the legacy transaction type.
    /// @return keccak256 of the serialized RLP encoded representation of transaction
    function _encodeHashLegacyTransaction(Transaction calldata _transaction) private view returns (bytes32) {
        // Hash of legacy transactions are encoded as one of the:
        // - RLP(nonce, gasPrice, gasLimit, to, value, data, chainId, 0, 0)
        // - RLP(nonce, gasPrice, gasLimit, to, value, data)
        //
        // In this RLP encoding, only the first one above list appears, so we encode each element
        // inside list and then concatenate the length of all elements with them.

        bytes memory encodedNonce = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.nonce);
        // Encode `gasPrice` and `gasLimit` together to prevent "stack too deep error".
        bytes memory encodedGasParam;
        {
            bytes memory encodedGasPrice = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.maxFeePerGas);
            bytes memory encodedGasLimit = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.gasLimit);
            encodedGasParam = bytes.concat(encodedGasPrice, encodedGasLimit);
        }

        bytes memory encodedTo = RLPEncoder.encodeAddress(address(uint160(_transaction.to)));
        bytes memory encodedValue = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.value);
        // Encode only the length of the transaction data, and not the data itself,
        // so as not to copy to memory a potentially huge transaction data twice.
        bytes memory encodedDataLength;
        {
            // Safe cast, because the length of the transaction data can't be so large.
            uint64 txDataLen = uint64(_transaction.data.length);
            if (txDataLen != 1) {
                // If the length is not equal to one, then only using the length can it be encoded definitely.
                encodedDataLength = RLPEncoder.encodeNonSingleBytesLen(txDataLen);
            } else if (_transaction.data[0] >= 0x80) {
                // If input is a byte in [0x80, 0xff] range, RLP encoding will concatenates 0x81 with the byte.
                encodedDataLength = hex"81";
            }
            // Otherwise the length is not encoded at all.
        }

        // Encode `chainId` according to EIP-155, but only if the `chainId` is specified in the transaction.
        bytes memory encodedChainId;
        if (_transaction.reserved[0] != 0) {
            encodedChainId = bytes.concat(RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(block.chainid), hex"80_80");
        }

        bytes memory encodedListLength;
        unchecked {
            uint256 listLength = encodedNonce.length +
                encodedGasParam.length +
                encodedTo.length +
                encodedValue.length +
                encodedDataLength.length +
                _transaction.data.length +
                encodedChainId.length;

            // Safe cast, because the length of the list can't be so large.
            encodedListLength = RLPEncoder.encodeListLen(uint64(listLength));
        }

        return
            keccak256(
                bytes.concat(
                    encodedListLength,
                    encodedNonce,
                    encodedGasParam,
                    encodedTo,
                    encodedValue,
                    encodedDataLength,
                    _transaction.data,
                    encodedChainId
                )
            );
    }

    /// @notice Encode hash of the EIP2930 transaction type.
    /// @return keccak256 of the serialized RLP encoded representation of transaction
    function _encodeHashEIP2930Transaction(Transaction calldata _transaction) private view returns (bytes32) {
        // Hash of EIP2930 transactions is encoded the following way:
        // H(0x01 || RLP(chain_id, nonce, gas_price, gas_limit, destination, amount, data, access_list))
        //
        // Note, that on zkSync access lists are not supported and should always be empty.

        // Encode all fixed-length params to avoid "stack too deep error"
        bytes memory encodedFixedLengthParams;
        {
            bytes memory encodedChainId = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(block.chainid);
            bytes memory encodedNonce = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.nonce);
            bytes memory encodedGasPrice = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.maxFeePerGas);
            bytes memory encodedGasLimit = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.gasLimit);
            bytes memory encodedTo = RLPEncoder.encodeAddress(address(uint160(_transaction.to)));
            bytes memory encodedValue = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.value);
            encodedFixedLengthParams = bytes.concat(
                encodedChainId,
                encodedNonce,
                encodedGasPrice,
                encodedGasLimit,
                encodedTo,
                encodedValue
            );
        }

        // Encode only the length of the transaction data, and not the data itself,
        // so as not to copy to memory a potentially huge transaction data twice.
        bytes memory encodedDataLength;
        {
            // Safe cast, because the length of the transaction data can't be so large.
            uint64 txDataLen = uint64(_transaction.data.length);
            if (txDataLen != 1) {
                // If the length is not equal to one, then only using the length can it be encoded definitely.
                encodedDataLength = RLPEncoder.encodeNonSingleBytesLen(txDataLen);
            } else if (_transaction.data[0] >= 0x80) {
                // If input is a byte in [0x80, 0xff] range, RLP encoding will concatenates 0x81 with the byte.
                encodedDataLength = hex"81";
            }
            // Otherwise the length is not encoded at all.
        }

        // On zkSync, access lists are always zero length (at least for now).
        bytes memory encodedAccessListLength = RLPEncoder.encodeListLen(0);

        bytes memory encodedListLength;
        unchecked {
            uint256 listLength = encodedFixedLengthParams.length +
                encodedDataLength.length +
                _transaction.data.length +
                encodedAccessListLength.length;

            // Safe cast, because the length of the list can't be so large.
            encodedListLength = RLPEncoder.encodeListLen(uint64(listLength));
        }

        return
            keccak256(
                bytes.concat(
                    "\x01",
                    encodedListLength,
                    encodedFixedLengthParams,
                    encodedDataLength,
                    _transaction.data,
                    encodedAccessListLength
                )
            );
    }

    /// @notice Encode hash of the EIP1559 transaction type.
    /// @return keccak256 of the serialized RLP encoded representation of transaction
    function _encodeHashEIP1559Transaction(Transaction calldata _transaction) private view returns (bytes32) {
        // Hash of EIP1559 transactions is encoded the following way:
        // H(0x02 || RLP(chain_id, nonce, max_priority_fee_per_gas, max_fee_per_gas, gas_limit, destination, amount, data, access_list))
        //
        // Note, that on zkSync access lists are not supported and should always be empty.

        // Encode all fixed-length params to avoid "stack too deep error"
        bytes memory encodedFixedLengthParams;
        {
            bytes memory encodedChainId = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(block.chainid);
            bytes memory encodedNonce = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.nonce);
            bytes memory encodedMaxPriorityFeePerGas = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.maxPriorityFeePerGas);
            bytes memory encodedMaxFeePerGas = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.maxFeePerGas);
            bytes memory encodedGasLimit = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.gasLimit);
            bytes memory encodedTo = RLPEncoder.encodeAddress(address(uint160(_transaction.to)));
            bytes memory encodedValue = RLPEncoder.encodeUint256(_transaction.value);
            encodedFixedLengthParams = bytes.concat(
                encodedChainId,
                encodedNonce,
                encodedMaxPriorityFeePerGas,
                encodedMaxFeePerGas,
                encodedGasLimit,
                encodedTo,
                encodedValue
            );
        }

        // Encode only the length of the transaction data, and not the data itself,
        // so as not to copy to memory a potentially huge transaction data twice.
        bytes memory encodedDataLength;
        {
            // Safe cast, because the length of the transaction data can't be so large.
            uint64 txDataLen = uint64(_transaction.data.length);
            if (txDataLen != 1) {
                // If the length is not equal to one, then only using the length can it be encoded definitely.
                encodedDataLength = RLPEncoder.encodeNonSingleBytesLen(txDataLen);
            } else if (_transaction.data[0] >= 0x80) {
                // If input is a byte in [0x80, 0xff] range, RLP encoding will concatenates 0x81 with the byte.
                encodedDataLength = hex"81";
            }
            // Otherwise the length is not encoded at all.
        }

        // On zkSync, access lists are always zero length (at least for now).
        bytes memory encodedAccessListLength = RLPEncoder.encodeListLen(0);

        bytes memory encodedListLength;
        unchecked {
            uint256 listLength = encodedFixedLengthParams.length +
                encodedDataLength.length +
                _transaction.data.length +
                encodedAccessListLength.length;

            // Safe cast, because the length of the list can't be so large.
            encodedListLength = RLPEncoder.encodeListLen(uint64(listLength));
        }

        return
            keccak256(
                bytes.concat(
                    "\x02",
                    encodedListLength,
                    encodedFixedLengthParams,
                    encodedDataLength,
                    _transaction.data,
                    encodedAccessListLength
                )
            );
    }

    /// @notice Processes the common paymaster flows, e.g. setting proper allowance
    /// for tokens, etc. For more information on the expected behavior, check out
    /// the "Paymaster flows" section in the documentation.
    function processPaymasterInput(Transaction calldata _transaction) internal {
        require(_transaction.paymasterInput.length >= 4, "The standard paymaster input must be at least 4 bytes long");

        bytes4 paymasterInputSelector = bytes4(_transaction.paymasterInput[0:4]);
        if (paymasterInputSelector == IPaymasterFlow.approvalBased.selector) {
            require(
                _transaction.paymasterInput.length >= 68,
                "The approvalBased paymaster input must be at least 68 bytes long"
            );

            // While the actual data consists of address, uint256 and bytes data,
            // the data is needed only for the paymaster, so we ignore it here for the sake of optimization
            (address token, uint256 minAllowance) = abi.decode(_transaction.paymasterInput[4:68], (address, uint256));
            address paymaster = address(uint160(_transaction.paymaster));

            uint256 currentAllowance = IERC20(token).allowance(address(this), paymaster);
            if (currentAllowance < minAllowance) {
                // Some tokens, e.g. USDT require that the allowance is firsty set to zero
                // and only then updated to the new value.

                IERC20(token).safeApprove(paymaster, 0);
                IERC20(token).safeApprove(paymaster, minAllowance);
            }
        } else if (paymasterInputSelector == IPaymasterFlow.general.selector) {
            // Do nothing. general(bytes) paymaster flow means that the paymaster must interpret these bytes on his own.
        } else {
            revert("Unsupported paymaster flow");
        }
    }

    /// @notice Pays the required fee for the transaction to the bootloader.
    /// @dev Currently it pays the maximum amount "_transaction.maxFeePerGas * _transaction.gasLimit",
    /// it will change in the future.
    function payToTheBootloader(Transaction calldata _transaction) internal returns (bool success) {
        address bootloaderAddr = BOOTLOADER_FORMAL_ADDRESS;
        uint256 amount = _transaction.maxFeePerGas * _transaction.gasLimit;

        assembly {
            success := call(gas(), bootloaderAddr, amount, 0, 0, 0, 0)
        }
    }

    // Returns the balance required to process the transaction.
    function totalRequiredBalance(Transaction calldata _transaction) internal pure returns (uint256 requiredBalance) {
        if (address(uint160(_transaction.paymaster)) != address(0)) {
            // Paymaster pays for the fee
            requiredBalance = _transaction.value;
        } else {
            // The user should have enough balance for both the fee and the value of the transaction
            requiredBalance = _transaction.maxFeePerGas * _transaction.gasLimit + _transaction.value;
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity >=0.8.0;

import "./EfficientCall.sol";

/**
 * @author Matter Labs
 * @dev Common utilities used in zkSync system contracts
 */
library Utils {
    /// @dev Bit mask of bytecode hash "isConstructor" marker
    bytes32 constant IS_CONSTRUCTOR_BYTECODE_HASH_BIT_MASK =
        0x00ff000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;

    /// @dev Bit mask to set the "isConstructor" marker in the bytecode hash
    bytes32 constant SET_IS_CONSTRUCTOR_MARKER_BIT_MASK =
        0x0001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;

    function safeCastToU128(uint256 _x) internal pure returns (uint128) {
        require(_x <= type(uint128).max, "Overflow");

        return uint128(_x);
    }

    function safeCastToU32(uint256 _x) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        require(_x <= type(uint32).max, "Overflow");

        return uint32(_x);
    }

    function safeCastToU24(uint256 _x) internal pure returns (uint24) {
        require(_x <= type(uint24).max, "Overflow");

        return uint24(_x);
    }

    /// @return codeLength The bytecode length in bytes
    function bytecodeLenInBytes(bytes32 _bytecodeHash) internal pure returns (uint256 codeLength) {
        codeLength = bytecodeLenInWords(_bytecodeHash) << 5; // _bytecodeHash * 32
    }

    /// @return codeLengthInWords The bytecode length in machine words
    function bytecodeLenInWords(bytes32 _bytecodeHash) internal pure returns (uint256 codeLengthInWords) {
        unchecked {
            codeLengthInWords = uint256(uint8(_bytecodeHash[2])) * 256 + uint256(uint8(_bytecodeHash[3]));
        }
    }

    /// @notice Denotes whether bytecode hash corresponds to a contract that already constructed
    function isContractConstructed(bytes32 _bytecodeHash) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return _bytecodeHash[1] == 0x00;
    }

    /// @notice Denotes whether bytecode hash corresponds to a contract that is on constructor or has already been constructed
    function isContractConstructing(bytes32 _bytecodeHash) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return _bytecodeHash[1] == 0x01;
    }

    /// @notice Sets "isConstructor" flag to TRUE for the bytecode hash
    /// @param _bytecodeHash The bytecode hash for which it is needed to set the constructing flag
    /// @return The bytecode hash with "isConstructor" flag set to TRUE
    function constructingBytecodeHash(bytes32 _bytecodeHash) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        // Clear the "isConstructor" marker and set it to 0x01.
        return constructedBytecodeHash(_bytecodeHash) | SET_IS_CONSTRUCTOR_MARKER_BIT_MASK;
    }

    /// @notice Sets "isConstructor" flag to FALSE for the bytecode hash
    /// @param _bytecodeHash The bytecode hash for which it is needed to set the constructing flag
    /// @return The bytecode hash with "isConstructor" flag set to FALSE
    function constructedBytecodeHash(bytes32 _bytecodeHash) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return _bytecodeHash & ~IS_CONSTRUCTOR_BYTECODE_HASH_BIT_MASK;
    }

    /// @notice Validate the bytecode format and calculate its hash.
    /// @param _bytecode The bytecode to hash.
    /// @return hashedBytecode The 32-byte hash of the bytecode.
    /// Note: The function reverts the execution if the bytecode has non expected format:
    /// - Bytecode bytes length is not a multiple of 32
    /// - Bytecode bytes length is not less than 2^21 bytes (2^16 words)
    /// - Bytecode words length is not odd
    function hashL2Bytecode(bytes calldata _bytecode) internal view returns (bytes32 hashedBytecode) {
        // Note that the length of the bytecode must be provided in 32-byte words.
        require(_bytecode.length % 32 == 0, "po");

        uint256 bytecodeLenInWords = _bytecode.length / 32;
        require(bytecodeLenInWords < 2 ** 16, "pp"); // bytecode length must be less than 2^16 words
        require(bytecodeLenInWords % 2 == 1, "pr"); // bytecode length in words must be odd
        hashedBytecode =
            EfficientCall.sha(_bytecode) &
            0x00000000FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF;
        // Setting the version of the hash
        hashedBytecode = (hashedBytecode | bytes32(uint256(1 << 248)));
        // Setting the length
        hashedBytecode = hashedBytecode | bytes32(bytecodeLenInWords << 224);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";
import "../extensions/IERC20Permit.sol";
import "../../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    function safeTransfer(
        IERC20 token,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(
            token,
            abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value)
        );
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(
        IERC20 token,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(
            token,
            abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value)
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(
            token,
            abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value)
        );
    }

    function safeIncreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender) + value;
        _callOptionalReturn(
            token,
            abi.encodeWithSelector(
                token.approve.selector,
                spender,
                newAllowance
            )
        );
    }

    function safeDecreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(
                oldAllowance >= value,
                "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero"
            );
            uint256 newAllowance = oldAllowance - value;
            _callOptionalReturn(
                token,
                abi.encodeWithSelector(
                    token.approve.selector,
                    spender,
                    newAllowance
                )
            );
        }
    }

    function safePermit(
        IERC20Permit token,
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal {
        uint256 nonceBefore = token.nonces(owner);
        token.permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
        uint256 nonceAfter = token.nonces(owner);
        require(
            nonceAfter == nonceBefore + 1,
            "SafeERC20: permit did not succeed"
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(
            data,
            "SafeERC20: low-level call failed"
        );
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // Return data is optional
            require(
                abi.decode(returndata, (bool)),
                "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed"
            );
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(
            address(this).balance >= amount,
            "Address: insufficient balance"
        );

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(
            success,
            "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted"
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data)
        internal
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        return
            functionCallWithValue(
                target,
                data,
                0,
                "Address: low-level call failed"
            );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return
            functionCallWithValue(
                target,
                data,
                value,
                "Address: low-level call with value failed"
            );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(
            address(this).balance >= value,
            "Address: insufficient balance for call"
        );
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(
            data
        );
        return
            verifyCallResultFromTarget(
                target,
                success,
                returndata,
                errorMessage
            );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data)
        internal
        view
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        return
            functionStaticCall(
                target,
                data,
                "Address: low-level static call failed"
            );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return
            verifyCallResultFromTarget(
                target,
                success,
                returndata,
                errorMessage
            );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data)
        internal
        returns (bytes memory)
    {
        return
            functionDelegateCall(
                target,
                data,
                "Address: low-level delegate call failed"
            );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return
            verifyCallResultFromTarget(
                target,
                success,
                returndata,
                errorMessage
            );
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage)
        private
        pure
    {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/AccessControl.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IAccessControl} from "./IAccessControl.sol";
import {Context} from "../utils/Context.sol";
import {ERC165} from "../utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module that allows children to implement role-based access
 * control mechanisms. This is a lightweight version that doesn't allow enumerating role
 * members except through off-chain means by accessing the contract event logs. Some
 * applications may benefit from on-chain enumerability, for those cases see
 * {AccessControlEnumerable}.
 *
 * Roles are referred to by their `bytes32` identifier. These should be exposed
 * in the external API and be unique. The best way to achieve this is by
 * using `public constant` hash digests:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * bytes32 public constant MY_ROLE = keccak256("MY_ROLE");
 * ```
 *
 * Roles can be used to represent a set of permissions. To restrict access to a
 * function call, use {hasRole}:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function foo() public {
 *     require(hasRole(MY_ROLE, msg.sender));
 *     ...
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Roles can be granted and revoked dynamically via the {grantRole} and
 * {revokeRole} functions. Each role has an associated admin role, and only
 * accounts that have a role's admin role can call {grantRole} and {revokeRole}.
 *
 * By default, the admin role for all roles is `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE`, which means
 * that only accounts with this role will be able to grant or revoke other
 * roles. More complex role relationships can be created by using
 * {_setRoleAdmin}.
 *
 * WARNING: The `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is also its own admin: it has permission to
 * grant and revoke this role. Extra precautions should be taken to secure
 * accounts that have been granted it. We recommend using {AccessControlDefaultAdminRules}
 * to enforce additional security measures for this role.
 */
abstract contract AccessControl is Context, IAccessControl, ERC165 {
    struct RoleData {
        mapping(address account => bool) hasRole;
        bytes32 adminRole;
    }

    mapping(bytes32 role => RoleData) private _roles;

    bytes32 public constant DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE = 0x00;

    /**
     * @dev Modifier that checks that an account has a specific role. Reverts
     * with an {AccessControlUnauthorizedAccount} error including the required role.
     */
    modifier onlyRole(bytes32 role) {
        _checkRole(role);
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IAccessControl).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
     */
    function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _roles[role].hasRole[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts with an {AccessControlUnauthorizedAccount} error if `_msgSender()`
     * is missing `role`. Overriding this function changes the behavior of the {onlyRole} modifier.
     */
    function _checkRole(bytes32 role) internal view virtual {
        _checkRole(role, _msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts with an {AccessControlUnauthorizedAccount} error if `account`
     * is missing `role`.
     */
    function _checkRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal view virtual {
        if (!hasRole(role, account)) {
            revert AccessControlUnauthorizedAccount(account, role);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
     * {revokeRole}.
     *
     * To change a role's admin, use {_setRoleAdmin}.
     */
    function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) public view virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return _roles[role].adminRole;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleGranted} event.
     */
    function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual onlyRole(getRoleAdmin(role)) {
        _grantRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
     */
    function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) public virtual onlyRole(getRoleAdmin(role)) {
        _revokeRole(role, account);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
     *
     * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
     * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
     * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
     *
     * If the calling account had been revoked `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be `callerConfirmation`.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
     */
    function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address callerConfirmation) public virtual {
        if (callerConfirmation != _msgSender()) {
            revert AccessControlBadConfirmation();
        }

        _revokeRole(role, callerConfirmation);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `adminRole` as ``role``'s admin role.
     *
     * Emits a {RoleAdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _setRoleAdmin(bytes32 role, bytes32 adminRole) internal virtual {
        bytes32 previousAdminRole = getRoleAdmin(role);
        _roles[role].adminRole = adminRole;
        emit RoleAdminChanged(role, previousAdminRole, adminRole);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Attempts to grant `role` to `account` and returns a boolean indicating if `role` was granted.
     *
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleGranted} event.
     */
    function _grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual returns (bool) {
        if (!hasRole(role, account)) {
            _roles[role].hasRole[account] = true;
            emit RoleGranted(role, account, _msgSender());
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Attempts to revoke `role` to `account` and returns a boolean indicating if `role` was revoked.
     *
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     *
     * May emit a {RoleRevoked} event.
     */
    function _revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) internal virtual returns (bool) {
        if (hasRole(role, account)) {
            _roles[role].hasRole[account] = false;
            emit RoleRevoked(role, account, _msgSender());
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (access/IAccessControl.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev External interface of AccessControl declared to support ERC165 detection.
 */
interface IAccessControl {
    /**
     * @dev The `account` is missing a role.
     */
    error AccessControlUnauthorizedAccount(address account, bytes32 neededRole);

    /**
     * @dev The caller of a function is not the expected one.
     *
     * NOTE: Don't confuse with {AccessControlUnauthorizedAccount}.
     */
    error AccessControlBadConfirmation();

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `newAdminRole` is set as ``role``'s admin role, replacing `previousAdminRole`
     *
     * `DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE` is the starting admin for all roles, despite
     * {RoleAdminChanged} not being emitted signaling this.
     */
    event RoleAdminChanged(bytes32 indexed role, bytes32 indexed previousAdminRole, bytes32 indexed newAdminRole);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` is granted `role`.
     *
     * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call, an admin role
     * bearer except when using {AccessControl-_setupRole}.
     */
    event RoleGranted(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` is revoked `role`.
     *
     * `sender` is the account that originated the contract call:
     *   - if using `revokeRole`, it is the admin role bearer
     *   - if using `renounceRole`, it is the role bearer (i.e. `account`)
     */
    event RoleRevoked(bytes32 indexed role, address indexed account, address indexed sender);

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if `account` has been granted `role`.
     */
    function hasRole(bytes32 role, address account) external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the admin role that controls `role`. See {grantRole} and
     * {revokeRole}.
     *
     * To change a role's admin, use {AccessControl-_setRoleAdmin}.
     */
    function getRoleAdmin(bytes32 role) external view returns (bytes32);

    /**
     * @dev Grants `role` to `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had not been already granted `role`, emits a {RoleGranted}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     */
    function grantRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from `account`.
     *
     * If `account` had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have ``role``'s admin role.
     */
    function revokeRole(bytes32 role, address account) external;

    /**
     * @dev Revokes `role` from the calling account.
     *
     * Roles are often managed via {grantRole} and {revokeRole}: this function's
     * purpose is to provide a mechanism for accounts to lose their privileges
     * if they are compromised (such as when a trusted device is misplaced).
     *
     * If the calling account had been granted `role`, emits a {RoleRevoked}
     * event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must be `callerConfirmation`.
     */
    function renounceRole(bytes32 role, address callerConfirmation) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC6093.sol)
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Standard ERC20 Errors
 * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC20 tokens.
 */
interface IERC20Errors {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates an error related to the current `balance` of a `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     * @param balance Current balance for the interacting account.
     * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
     */
    error ERC20InsufficientBalance(address sender, uint256 balance, uint256 needed);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidSender(address sender);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
     * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidReceiver(address receiver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `spender`’s `allowance`. Used in transfers.
     * @param spender Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     * @param allowance Amount of tokens a `spender` is allowed to operate with.
     * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
     */
    error ERC20InsufficientAllowance(address spender, uint256 allowance, uint256 needed);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidApprover(address approver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `spender` to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param spender Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     */
    error ERC20InvalidSpender(address spender);
}

/**
 * @dev Standard ERC721 Errors
 * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC721 tokens.
 */
interface IERC721Errors {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that an address can't be an owner. For example, `address(0)` is a forbidden owner in EIP-20.
     * Used in balance queries.
     * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidOwner(address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a `tokenId` whose `owner` is the zero address.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     */
    error ERC721NonexistentToken(uint256 tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates an error related to the ownership over a particular token. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
     */
    error ERC721IncorrectOwner(address sender, uint256 tokenId, address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidSender(address sender);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
     * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidReceiver(address receiver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator`’s approval. Used in transfers.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     */
    error ERC721InsufficientApproval(address operator, uint256 tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidApprover(address approver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator` to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     */
    error ERC721InvalidOperator(address operator);
}

/**
 * @dev Standard ERC1155 Errors
 * Interface of the https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-6093[ERC-6093] custom errors for ERC1155 tokens.
 */
interface IERC1155Errors {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates an error related to the current `balance` of a `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     * @param balance Current balance for the interacting account.
     * @param needed Minimum amount required to perform a transfer.
     * @param tokenId Identifier number of a token.
     */
    error ERC1155InsufficientBalance(address sender, uint256 balance, uint256 needed, uint256 tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `sender`. Used in transfers.
     * @param sender Address whose tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidSender(address sender);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the token `receiver`. Used in transfers.
     * @param receiver Address to which tokens are being transferred.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidReceiver(address receiver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator`’s approval. Used in transfers.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     * @param owner Address of the current owner of a token.
     */
    error ERC1155MissingApprovalForAll(address operator, address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `approver` of a token to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param approver Address initiating an approval operation.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidApprover(address approver);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failure with the `operator` to be approved. Used in approvals.
     * @param operator Address that may be allowed to operate on tokens without being their owner.
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidOperator(address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates an array length mismatch between ids and values in a safeBatchTransferFrom operation.
     * Used in batch transfers.
     * @param idsLength Length of the array of token identifiers
     * @param valuesLength Length of the array of token amounts
     */
    error ERC1155InvalidArrayLength(uint256 idsLength, uint256 valuesLength);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC165} from "../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC4906.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC165} from "./IERC165.sol";
import {IERC721} from "./IERC721.sol";

/// @title EIP-721 Metadata Update Extension
interface IERC4906 is IERC165, IERC721 {
    /// @dev This event emits when the metadata of a token is changed.
    /// So that the third-party platforms such as NFT market could
    /// timely update the images and related attributes of the NFT.
    event MetadataUpdate(uint256 _tokenId);

    /// @dev This event emits when the metadata of a range of tokens is changed.
    /// So that the third-party platforms such as NFT market could
    /// timely update the images and related attributes of the NFTs.
    event BatchMetadataUpdate(uint256 _fromTokenId, uint256 _toTokenId);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (interfaces/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC721} from "../token/ERC721/IERC721.sol";

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC20} from "./IERC20.sol";
import {IERC20Metadata} from "./extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
import {Context} from "../../utils/Context.sol";
import {IERC20Errors} from "../../interfaces/draft-IERC6093.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To change this, you should override
 * this function so it returns a different value.
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
 * applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 */
abstract contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata, IERC20Errors {
    mapping(address account => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping(address account => mapping(address spender => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the default value returned by this function, unless
     * it's overridden.
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `value`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, value);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `value` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, value);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `value`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `value`.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, value);
        _transfer(from, to, value);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead.
     */
    function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        if (from == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidSender(address(0));
        }
        if (to == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidReceiver(address(0));
        }
        _update(from, to, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to`, or alternatively mints (or burns) if `from`
     * (or `to`) is the zero address. All customizations to transfers, mints, and burns should be done by overriding
     * this function.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _update(address from, address to, uint256 value) internal virtual {
        if (from == address(0)) {
            // Overflow check required: The rest of the code assumes that totalSupply never overflows
            _totalSupply += value;
        } else {
            uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
            if (fromBalance < value) {
                revert ERC20InsufficientBalance(from, fromBalance, value);
            }
            unchecked {
                // Overflow not possible: value <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                _balances[from] = fromBalance - value;
            }
        }

        if (to == address(0)) {
            unchecked {
                // Overflow not possible: value <= totalSupply or value <= fromBalance <= totalSupply.
                _totalSupply -= value;
            }
        } else {
            unchecked {
                // Overflow not possible: balance + value is at most totalSupply, which we know fits into a uint256.
                _balances[to] += value;
            }
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Creates a `value` amount of tokens and assigns them to `account`, by transferring it from address(0).
     * Relies on the `_update` mechanism
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 value) internal {
        if (account == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidReceiver(address(0));
        }
        _update(address(0), account, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys a `value` amount of tokens from `account`, lowering the total supply.
     * Relies on the `_update` mechanism.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * NOTE: This function is not virtual, {_update} should be overridden instead
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 value) internal {
        if (account == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidSender(address(0));
        }
        _update(account, address(0), value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * Overrides to this logic should be done to the variant with an additional `bool emitEvent` argument.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        _approve(owner, spender, value, true);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of {_approve} with an optional flag to enable or disable the {Approval} event.
     *
     * By default (when calling {_approve}) the flag is set to true. On the other hand, approval changes made by
     * `_spendAllowance` during the `transferFrom` operation set the flag to false. This saves gas by not emitting any
     * `Approval` event during `transferFrom` operations.
     *
     * Anyone who wishes to continue emitting `Approval` events on the`transferFrom` operation can force the flag to
     * true using the following override:
     * ```
     * function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, bool) internal virtual override {
     *     super._approve(owner, spender, value, true);
     * }
     * ```
     *
     * Requirements are the same as {_approve}.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 value, bool emitEvent) internal virtual {
        if (owner == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidApprover(address(0));
        }
        if (spender == address(0)) {
            revert ERC20InvalidSpender(address(0));
        }
        _allowances[owner][spender] = value;
        if (emitEvent) {
            emit Approval(owner, spender, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `value`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance value in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Does not emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(address owner, address spender, uint256 value) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            if (currentAllowance < value) {
                revert ERC20InsufficientAllowance(spender, currentAllowance, value);
            }
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - value, false);
            }
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Burnable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {ERC20} from "../ERC20.sol";
import {Context} from "../../../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Extension of {ERC20} that allows token holders to destroy both their own
 * tokens and those that they have an allowance for, in a way that can be
 * recognized off-chain (via event analysis).
 */
abstract contract ERC20Burnable is Context, ERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Destroys a `value` amount of tokens from the caller.
     *
     * See {ERC20-_burn}.
     */
    function burn(uint256 value) public virtual {
        _burn(_msgSender(), value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys a `value` amount of tokens from `account`, deducting from
     * the caller's allowance.
     *
     * See {ERC20-_burn} and {ERC20-allowance}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``accounts``'s tokens of at least
     * `value`.
     */
    function burnFrom(address account, uint256 value) public virtual {
        _spendAllowance(account, _msgSender(), value);
        _burn(account, value);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC20} from "../IERC20.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 */
interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 *
 * ==== Security Considerations
 *
 * There are two important considerations concerning the use of `permit`. The first is that a valid permit signature
 * expresses an allowance, and it should not be assumed to convey additional meaning. In particular, it should not be
 * considered as an intention to spend the allowance in any specific way. The second is that because permits have
 * built-in replay protection and can be submitted by anyone, they can be frontrun. A protocol that uses permits should
 * take this into consideration and allow a `permit` call to fail. Combining these two aspects, a pattern that may be
 * generally recommended is:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function doThingWithPermit(..., uint256 value, uint256 deadline, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) public {
 *     try token.permit(msg.sender, address(this), value, deadline, v, r, s) {} catch {}
 *     doThing(..., value);
 * }
 *
 * function doThing(..., uint256 value) public {
 *     token.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), value);
 *     ...
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Observe that: 1) `msg.sender` is used as the owner, leaving no ambiguity as to the signer intent, and 2) the use of
 * `try/catch` allows the permit to fail and makes the code tolerant to frontrunning. (See also
 * {SafeERC20-safeTransferFrom}).
 *
 * Additionally, note that smart contract wallets (such as Argent or Safe) are not able to produce permit signatures, so
 * contracts should have entry points that don't rely on permit.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     *
     * CAUTION: See Security Considerations above.
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets a `value` amount of tokens as the allowance of `spender` over the
     * caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 value) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves a `value` amount of tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `value` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 value) external returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC20} from "../IERC20.sol";
import {IERC20Permit} from "../extensions/IERC20Permit.sol";
import {Address} from "../../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    /**
     * @dev An operation with an ERC20 token failed.
     */
    error SafeERC20FailedOperation(address token);

    /**
     * @dev Indicates a failed `decreaseAllowance` request.
     */
    error SafeERC20FailedDecreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 currentAllowance, uint256 requestedDecrease);

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from the calling contract to `to`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.transfer, (to, value)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from `from` to `to`, spending the approval given by `from` to the
     * calling contract. If `token` returns no value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.transferFrom, (from, to, value)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Increase the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
        forceApprove(token, spender, oldAllowance + value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Decrease the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `requestedDecrease`. If `token` returns no
     * value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 requestedDecrease) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 currentAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            if (currentAllowance < requestedDecrease) {
                revert SafeERC20FailedDecreaseAllowance(spender, currentAllowance, requestedDecrease);
            }
            forceApprove(token, spender, currentAllowance - requestedDecrease);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Set the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` to `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful. Meant to be used with tokens that require the approval
     * to be set to zero before setting it to a non-zero value, such as USDT.
     */
    function forceApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        bytes memory approvalCall = abi.encodeCall(token.approve, (spender, value));

        if (!_callOptionalReturnBool(token, approvalCall)) {
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeCall(token.approve, (spender, 0)));
            _callOptionalReturn(token, approvalCall);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data);
        if (returndata.length != 0 && !abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) {
            revert SafeERC20FailedOperation(address(token));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     *
     * This is a variant of {_callOptionalReturn} that silents catches all reverts and returns a bool instead.
     */
    function _callOptionalReturnBool(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private returns (bool) {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We cannot use {Address-functionCall} here since this should return false
        // and not revert is the subcall reverts.

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = address(token).call(data);
        return success && (returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) && address(token).code.length > 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC721/ERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC721} from "./IERC721.sol";
import {IERC721Receiver} from "./IERC721Receiver.sol";
import {IERC721Metadata} from "./extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol";
import {Context} from "../../utils/Context.sol";
import {Strings} from "../../utils/Strings.sol";
import {IERC165, ERC165} from "../../utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";
import {IERC721Errors} from "../../interfaces/draft-IERC6093.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721[ERC721] Non-Fungible Token Standard, including
 * the Metadata extension, but not including the Enumerable extension, which is available separately as
 * {ERC721Enumerable}.
 */
abstract contract ERC721 is Context, ERC165, IERC721, IERC721Metadata, IERC721Errors {
    using Strings for uint256;

    // Token name
    string private _name;

    // Token symbol
    string private _symbol;

    mapping(uint256 tokenId => address) private _owners;

    mapping(address owner => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping(uint256 tokenId => address) private _tokenApprovals;

    mapping(address owner => mapping(address operator => bool)) private _operatorApprovals;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract by setting a `name` and a `symbol` to the token collection.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC165, IERC165) returns (bool) {
        return
            interfaceId == type(IERC721).interfaceId ||
            interfaceId == type(IERC721Metadata).interfaceId ||
            super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        if (owner == address(0)) {
            revert ERC721InvalidOwner(address(0));
        }
        return _balances[owner];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-ownerOf}.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _requireOwned(tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-name}.
     */
    function name() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-symbol}.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual returns (string memory) {
        _requireOwned(tokenId);

        string memory baseURI = _baseURI();
        return bytes(baseURI).length > 0 ? string.concat(baseURI, tokenId.toString()) : "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev Base URI for computing {tokenURI}. If set, the resulting URI for each
     * token will be the concatenation of the `baseURI` and the `tokenId`. Empty
     * by default, can be overridden in child contracts.
     */
    function _baseURI() internal view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return "";
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-approve}.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual {
        _approve(to, tokenId, _msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-getApproved}.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual returns (address) {
        _requireOwned(tokenId);

        return _getApproved(tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) public virtual {
        _setApprovalForAll(_msgSender(), operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-isApprovedForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _operatorApprovals[owner][operator];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-transferFrom}.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) public virtual {
        if (to == address(0)) {
            revert ERC721InvalidReceiver(address(0));
        }
        // Setting an "auth" arguments enables the `_isAuthorized` check which verifies that the token exists
        // (from != 0). Therefore, it is not needed to verify that the return value is not 0 here.
        address previousOwner = _update(to, tokenId, _msgSender());
        if (previousOwner != from) {
            revert ERC721IncorrectOwner(from, tokenId, previousOwner);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) public {
        safeTransferFrom(from, to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data) public virtual {
        transferFrom(from, to, tokenId);
        _checkOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, data);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId`. Does NOT revert if token doesn't exist
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Any overrides to this function that add ownership of tokens not tracked by the
     * core ERC721 logic MUST be matched with the use of {_increaseBalance} to keep balances
     * consistent with ownership. The invariant to preserve is that for any address `a` the value returned by
     * `balanceOf(a)` must be equal to the number of tokens such that `_ownerOf(tokenId)` is `a`.
     */
    function _ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owners[tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the approved address for `tokenId`. Returns 0 if `tokenId` is not minted.
     */
    function _getApproved(uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return _tokenApprovals[tokenId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether `spender` is allowed to manage `owner`'s tokens, or `tokenId` in
     * particular (ignoring whether it is owned by `owner`).
     *
     * WARNING: This function assumes that `owner` is the actual owner of `tokenId` and does not verify this
     * assumption.
     */
    function _isAuthorized(address owner, address spender, uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        return
            spender != address(0) &&
            (owner == spender || isApprovedForAll(owner, spender) || _getApproved(tokenId) == spender);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Checks if `spender` can operate on `tokenId`, assuming the provided `owner` is the actual owner.
     * Reverts if `spender` does not have approval from the provided `owner` for the given token or for all its assets
     * the `spender` for the specific `tokenId`.
     *
     * WARNING: This function assumes that `owner` is the actual owner of `tokenId` and does not verify this
     * assumption.
     */
    function _checkAuthorized(address owner, address spender, uint256 tokenId) internal view virtual {
        if (!_isAuthorized(owner, spender, tokenId)) {
            if (owner == address(0)) {
                revert ERC721NonexistentToken(tokenId);
            } else {
                revert ERC721InsufficientApproval(spender, tokenId);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Unsafe write access to the balances, used by extensions that "mint" tokens using an {ownerOf} override.
     *
     * NOTE: the value is limited to type(uint128).max. This protect against _balance overflow. It is unrealistic that
     * a uint256 would ever overflow from increments when these increments are bounded to uint128 values.
     *
     * WARNING: Increasing an account's balance using this function tends to be paired with an override of the
     * {_ownerOf} function to resolve the ownership of the corresponding tokens so that balances and ownership
     * remain consistent with one another.
     */
    function _increaseBalance(address account, uint128 value) internal virtual {
        unchecked {
            _balances[account] += value;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from its current owner to `to`, or alternatively mints (or burns) if the current owner
     * (or `to`) is the zero address. Returns the owner of the `tokenId` before the update.
     *
     * The `auth` argument is optional. If the value passed is non 0, then this function will check that
     * `auth` is either the owner of the token, or approved to operate on the token (by the owner).
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * NOTE: If overriding this function in a way that tracks balances, see also {_increaseBalance}.
     */
    function _update(address to, uint256 tokenId, address auth) internal virtual returns (address) {
        address from = _ownerOf(tokenId);

        // Perform (optional) operator check
        if (auth != address(0)) {
            _checkAuthorized(from, auth, tokenId);
        }

        // Execute the update
        if (from != address(0)) {
            // Clear approval. No need to re-authorize or emit the Approval event
            _approve(address(0), tokenId, address(0), false);

            unchecked {
                _balances[from] -= 1;
            }
        }

        if (to != address(0)) {
            unchecked {
                _balances[to] += 1;
            }
        }

        _owners[tokenId] = to;

        emit Transfer(from, to, tokenId);

        return from;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Mints `tokenId` and transfers it to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Usage of this method is discouraged, use {_safeMint} whenever possible
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _mint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal {
        if (to == address(0)) {
            revert ERC721InvalidReceiver(address(0));
        }
        address previousOwner = _update(to, tokenId, address(0));
        if (previousOwner != address(0)) {
            revert ERC721InvalidSender(address(0));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Mints `tokenId`, transfers it to `to` and checks for `to` acceptance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must not exist.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeMint(address to, uint256 tokenId) internal {
        _safeMint(to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-ERC721-_safeMint-address-uint256-}[`_safeMint`], with an additional `data` parameter which is
     * forwarded in {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} to contract recipients.
     */
    function _safeMint(address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data) internal virtual {
        _mint(to, tokenId);
        _checkOnERC721Received(address(0), to, tokenId, data);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `tokenId`.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is burned.
     * This is an internal function that does not check if the sender is authorized to operate on the token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _burn(uint256 tokenId) internal {
        address previousOwner = _update(address(0), tokenId, address(0));
        if (previousOwner == address(0)) {
            revert ERC721NonexistentToken(tokenId);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` from `from` to `to`.
     *  As opposed to {transferFrom}, this imposes no restrictions on msg.sender.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) internal {
        if (to == address(0)) {
            revert ERC721InvalidReceiver(address(0));
        }
        address previousOwner = _update(to, tokenId, address(0));
        if (previousOwner == address(0)) {
            revert ERC721NonexistentToken(tokenId);
        } else if (previousOwner != from) {
            revert ERC721IncorrectOwner(from, tokenId, previousOwner);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 standard to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * `data` is additional data, it has no specified format and it is sent in call to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is like {safeTransferFrom} in the sense that it invokes
     * {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on the receiver, and can be used to e.g.
     * implement alternative mechanisms to perform token transfer, such as signature-based.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function _safeTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) internal {
        _safeTransfer(from, to, tokenId, "");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-ERC721-_safeTransfer-address-address-uint256-}[`_safeTransfer`], with an additional `data` parameter which is
     * forwarded in {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} to contract recipients.
     */
    function _safeTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data) internal virtual {
        _transfer(from, to, tokenId);
        _checkOnERC721Received(from, to, tokenId, data);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `to` to operate on `tokenId`
     *
     * The `auth` argument is optional. If the value passed is non 0, then this function will check that `auth` is
     * either the owner of the token, or approved to operate on all tokens held by this owner.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Overrides to this logic should be done to the variant with an additional `bool emitEvent` argument.
     */
    function _approve(address to, uint256 tokenId, address auth) internal {
        _approve(to, tokenId, auth, true);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Variant of `_approve` with an optional flag to enable or disable the {Approval} event. The event is not
     * emitted in the context of transfers.
     */
    function _approve(address to, uint256 tokenId, address auth, bool emitEvent) internal virtual {
        // Avoid reading the owner unless necessary
        if (emitEvent || auth != address(0)) {
            address owner = _requireOwned(tokenId);

            // We do not use _isAuthorized because single-token approvals should not be able to call approve
            if (auth != address(0) && owner != auth && !isApprovedForAll(owner, auth)) {
                revert ERC721InvalidApprover(auth);
            }

            if (emitEvent) {
                emit Approval(owner, to, tokenId);
            }
        }

        _tokenApprovals[tokenId] = to;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Approve `operator` to operate on all of `owner` tokens
     *
     * Requirements:
     * - operator can't be the address zero.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function _setApprovalForAll(address owner, address operator, bool approved) internal virtual {
        if (operator == address(0)) {
            revert ERC721InvalidOperator(operator);
        }
        _operatorApprovals[owner][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(owner, operator, approved);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts if the `tokenId` doesn't have a current owner (it hasn't been minted, or it has been burned).
     * Returns the owner.
     *
     * Overrides to ownership logic should be done to {_ownerOf}.
     */
    function _requireOwned(uint256 tokenId) internal view returns (address) {
        address owner = _ownerOf(tokenId);
        if (owner == address(0)) {
            revert ERC721NonexistentToken(tokenId);
        }
        return owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Private function to invoke {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received} on a target address. This will revert if the
     * recipient doesn't accept the token transfer. The call is not executed if the target address is not a contract.
     *
     * @param from address representing the previous owner of the given token ID
     * @param to target address that will receive the tokens
     * @param tokenId uint256 ID of the token to be transferred
     * @param data bytes optional data to send along with the call
     */
    function _checkOnERC721Received(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes memory data) private {
        if (to.code.length > 0) {
            try IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(_msgSender(), from, tokenId, data) returns (bytes4 retval) {
                if (retval != IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector) {
                    revert ERC721InvalidReceiver(to);
                }
            } catch (bytes memory reason) {
                if (reason.length == 0) {
                    revert ERC721InvalidReceiver(to);
                } else {
                    /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                    assembly {
                        revert(add(32, reason), mload(reason))
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721URIStorage.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {ERC721} from "../ERC721.sol";
import {Strings} from "../../../utils/Strings.sol";
import {IERC4906} from "../../../interfaces/IERC4906.sol";
import {IERC165} from "../../../interfaces/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev ERC721 token with storage based token URI management.
 */
abstract contract ERC721URIStorage is IERC4906, ERC721 {
    using Strings for uint256;

    // Interface ID as defined in ERC-4906. This does not correspond to a traditional interface ID as ERC-4906 only
    // defines events and does not include any external function.
    bytes4 private constant ERC4906_INTERFACE_ID = bytes4(0x49064906);

    // Optional mapping for token URIs
    mapping(uint256 tokenId => string) private _tokenURIs;

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override(ERC721, IERC165) returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == ERC4906_INTERFACE_ID || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC721Metadata-tokenURI}.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        _requireOwned(tokenId);

        string memory _tokenURI = _tokenURIs[tokenId];
        string memory base = _baseURI();

        // If there is no base URI, return the token URI.
        if (bytes(base).length == 0) {
            return _tokenURI;
        }
        // If both are set, concatenate the baseURI and tokenURI (via string.concat).
        if (bytes(_tokenURI).length > 0) {
            return string.concat(base, _tokenURI);
        }

        return super.tokenURI(tokenId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `_tokenURI` as the tokenURI of `tokenId`.
     *
     * Emits {MetadataUpdate}.
     */
    function _setTokenURI(uint256 tokenId, string memory _tokenURI) internal virtual {
        _tokenURIs[tokenId] = _tokenURI;
        emit MetadataUpdate(tokenId);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC721/extensions/IERC721Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC721} from "../IERC721.sol";

/**
 * @title ERC-721 Non-Fungible Token Standard, optional metadata extension
 * @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721
 */
interface IERC721Metadata is IERC721 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection name.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the token collection symbol.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) for `tokenId` token.
     */
    function tokenURI(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (string memory);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC165} from "../../utils/introspection/IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC721 compliant contract.
 */
interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `tokenId` token is transferred from `from` to `to`.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables `approved` to manage the `tokenId` token.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed approved, uint256 indexed tokenId);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `owner` enables or disables (`approved`) `operator` to manage all of its assets.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of tokens in ``owner``'s account.
     */
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the owner of the `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon
     *   a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId, bytes calldata data) external;

    /**
     * @dev Safely transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`, checking first that contract recipients
     * are aware of the ERC721 protocol to prevent tokens from being forever locked.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must exist and be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must have been allowed to move this token by either {approve} or
     *   {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC721Receiver-onERC721Received}, which is called upon
     *   a safe transfer.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `tokenId` token from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * WARNING: Note that the caller is responsible to confirm that the recipient is capable of receiving ERC721
     * or else they may be permanently lost. Usage of {safeTransferFrom} prevents loss, though the caller must
     * understand this adds an external call which potentially creates a reentrancy vulnerability.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `tokenId` token must be owned by `from`.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must be approved to move this token by either {approve} or {setApprovalForAll}.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Gives permission to `to` to transfer `tokenId` token to another account.
     * The approval is cleared when the token is transferred.
     *
     * Only a single account can be approved at a time, so approving the zero address clears previous approvals.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The caller must own the token or be an approved operator.
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;

    /**
     * @dev Approve or remove `operator` as an operator for the caller.
     * Operators can call {transferFrom} or {safeTransferFrom} for any token owned by the caller.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The `operator` cannot be the address zero.
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the account approved for `tokenId` token.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `tokenId` must exist.
     */
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address operator);

    /**
     * @dev Returns if the `operator` is allowed to manage all of the assets of `owner`.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
 * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
 * from ERC721 asset contracts.
 */
interface IERC721Receiver {
    /**
     * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
     * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
     *
     * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
     * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be
     * reverted.
     *
     * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector`.
     */
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev The ETH balance of the account is not enough to perform the operation.
     */
    error AddressInsufficientBalance(address account);

    /**
     * @dev There's no code at `target` (it is not a contract).
     */
    error AddressEmptyCode(address target);

    /**
     * @dev A call to an address target failed. The target may have reverted.
     */
    error FailedInnerCall();

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.20/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        if (address(this).balance < amount) {
            revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
        }

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        if (!success) {
            revert FailedInnerCall();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason or custom error, it is bubbled
     * up by this function (like regular Solidity function calls). However, if
     * the call reverted with no returned reason, this function reverts with a
     * {FailedInnerCall} error.
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        if (address(this).balance < value) {
            revert AddressInsufficientBalance(address(this));
        }
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and reverts if the target
     * was not a contract or bubbling up the revert reason (falling back to {FailedInnerCall}) in case of an
     * unsuccessful call.
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (!success) {
            _revert(returndata);
        } else {
            // only check if target is a contract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
            // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
            if (returndata.length == 0 && target.code.length == 0) {
                revert AddressEmptyCode(target);
            }
            return returndata;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and reverts if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or with a default {FailedInnerCall} error.
     */
    function verifyCallResult(bool success, bytes memory returndata) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (!success) {
            _revert(returndata);
        } else {
            return returndata;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Reverts with returndata if present. Otherwise reverts with {FailedInnerCall}.
     */
    function _revert(bytes memory returndata) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert FailedInnerCall();
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.1) (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }

    function _contextSuffixLength() internal view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {IERC165} from "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 */
abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library Math {
    /**
     * @dev Muldiv operation overflow.
     */
    error MathOverflowedMulDiv();

    enum Rounding {
        Floor, // Toward negative infinity
        Ceil, // Toward positive infinity
        Trunc, // Toward zero
        Expand // Away from zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     */
    function tryAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 c = a + b;
            if (c < a) return (false, 0);
            return (true, c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     */
    function trySub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b > a) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a - b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, with an overflow flag.
     */
    function tryMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
            // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
            // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
            if (a == 0) return (true, 0);
            uint256 c = a * b;
            if (c / a != b) return (false, 0);
            return (true, c);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the division of two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
     */
    function tryDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a / b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers, with a division by zero flag.
     */
    function tryMod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (bool, uint256) {
        unchecked {
            if (b == 0) return (false, 0);
            return (true, a % b);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds towards infinity instead
     * of rounding towards zero.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (b == 0) {
            // Guarantee the same behavior as in a regular Solidity division.
            return a / b;
        }

        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or
     * denominator == 0.
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv) with further edits by
     * Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0 = x * y; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            if (denominator <= prod1) {
                revert MathOverflowedMulDiv();
            }

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator.
            // Always >= 1. See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            uint256 twos = denominator & (0 - denominator);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also
            // works in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded
     * towards zero.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        //
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
        //
        // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
        // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
        // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
        //
        // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);

        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 128;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                value >>= 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                value >>= 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                value >>= 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                value /= 10 ** 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                value /= 10 ** 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                value /= 10 ** 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                value /= 10 ** 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                value /= 10 ** 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                value /= 10 ** 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 10 ** result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256 of a positive value rounded towards zero.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + (unsignedRoundsUp(rounding) && 1 << (result << 3) < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether a provided rounding mode is considered rounding up for unsigned integers.
     */
    function unsignedRoundsUp(Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return uint8(rounding) % 2 == 1;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/math/SignedMath.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

/**
 * @dev Standard signed math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library SignedMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function max(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function min(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two signed numbers without overflow.
     * The result is rounded towards zero.
     */
    function average(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Formula from the book "Hacker's Delight"
        int256 x = (a & b) + ((a ^ b) >> 1);
        return x + (int256(uint256(x) >> 255) & (a ^ b));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the absolute unsigned value of a signed value.
     */
    function abs(int256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // must be unchecked in order to support `n = type(int256).min`
            return uint256(n >= 0 ? n : -n);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v5.0.0) (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {Math} from "./math/Math.sol";
import {SignedMath} from "./math/SignedMath.sol";

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library Strings {
    bytes16 private constant HEX_DIGITS = "0123456789abcdef";
    uint8 private constant ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;

    /**
     * @dev The `value` string doesn't fit in the specified `length`.
     */
    error StringsInsufficientHexLength(uint256 value, uint256 length);

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 length = Math.log10(value) + 1;
            string memory buffer = new string(length);
            uint256 ptr;
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
            }
            while (true) {
                ptr--;
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), HEX_DIGITS))
                }
                value /= 10;
                if (value == 0) break;
            }
            return buffer;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `int256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toStringSigned(int256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return string.concat(value < 0 ? "-" : "", toString(SignedMath.abs(value)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            return toHexString(value, Math.log256(value) + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        uint256 localValue = value;
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = HEX_DIGITS[localValue & 0xf];
            localValue >>= 4;
        }
        if (localValue != 0) {
            revert StringsInsufficientHexLength(value, length);
        }
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal
     * representation.
     */
    function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), ADDRESS_LENGTH);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the two strings are equal.
     */
    function equal(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return bytes(a).length == bytes(b).length && keccak256(bytes(a)) == keccak256(bytes(b));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause-Clear

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {NODL} from "../NODL.sol";

/// @title NODLMigration
/// @notice This contract is used to help migrating the NODL assets from the Nodle Parachain
/// to the ZkSync contracts.
contract NODLMigration {
    struct Proposal {
        address target;
        uint256 amount;
        uint256 lastVote;
        uint8 totalVotes;
        bool executed;
    }

    NODL public nodl;
    mapping(address => bool) public isOracle;
    uint8 public threshold;
    uint256 public delay;

    // We track votes in a seperate mapping to avoid having to write helper functions to
    // expose the votes for each proposal.
    mapping(bytes32 => Proposal) public proposals;
    mapping(address => mapping(bytes32 => bool)) public voted;

    error AlreadyVoted(bytes32 proposal, address oracle);
    error AlreadyExecuted(bytes32 proposal);
    error ParametersChanged(bytes32 proposal);
    error NotAnOracle(address user);
    error NotYetWithdrawable(bytes32 proposal);
    error NotEnoughVotes(bytes32 proposal);

    event VoteStarted(bytes32 indexed proposal, address oracle, address indexed user, uint256 amount);
    event Voted(bytes32 indexed proposal, address oracle);
    event Withdrawn(bytes32 indexed proposal, address indexed user, uint256 amount);

    /// @param bridgeOracles Array of oracle accounts that will be able to bridge the tokens.
    /// @param token Contract address of the NODL token.
    /// @param minVotes Minimum number of votes required to bridge the tokens. This needs to be
    /// less than or equal to the number of oracles and is expected to be above 1.
    /// @param minDelay Minimum delay in blocks before bridged tokens can be minted.
    constructor(address[] memory bridgeOracles, NODL token, uint8 minVotes, uint256 minDelay) {
        assert(bridgeOracles.length >= minVotes);
        assert(minVotes > 1);

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < bridgeOracles.length; i++) {
            isOracle[bridgeOracles[i]] = true;
        }
        nodl = token;
        threshold = minVotes;
        delay = minDelay;
    }

    /// @notice Bridge some tokens from the Nodle Parachain to the ZkSync contracts. This
    /// tracks "votes" from each oracle and unlocks execution after a withdrawal delay.
    /// @param paraTxHash The transaction hash on the Parachain for this transfer.
    /// @param user The user address.
    /// @param amount The amount of NODL tokens that the user has burnt on the Parachain.
    function bridge(bytes32 paraTxHash, address user, uint256 amount) external {
        _mustBeAnOracle(msg.sender);
        _mustNotHaveExecutedYet(paraTxHash);

        if (_proposalExists(paraTxHash)) {
            _mustNotHaveVotedYet(paraTxHash, msg.sender);
            _mustNotBeChangingParameters(paraTxHash, user, amount);
            _recordVote(paraTxHash, msg.sender);
        } else {
            _createVote(paraTxHash, msg.sender, user, amount);
        }
    }

    /// @notice Withdraw the NODL tokens from the contract to the user's address if the
    /// proposal has enough votes and has passed the safety delay.
    /// @param paraTxHash The transaction hash on the Parachain for this transfer.
    function withdraw(bytes32 paraTxHash) external {
        _mustNotHaveExecutedYet(paraTxHash);
        _mustHaveEnoughVotes(paraTxHash);
        _mustBePastSafetyDelay(paraTxHash);

        _withdraw(paraTxHash, proposals[paraTxHash].target, proposals[paraTxHash].amount);
    }

    function _mustBeAnOracle(address maybeOracle) internal view {
        if (!isOracle[maybeOracle]) {
            revert NotAnOracle(maybeOracle);
        }
    }

    function _mustNotHaveVotedYet(bytes32 proposal, address oracle) internal view {
        if (voted[oracle][proposal]) {
            revert AlreadyVoted(proposal, oracle);
        }
    }

    function _mustNotHaveExecutedYet(bytes32 proposal) internal view {
        if (proposals[proposal].executed) {
            revert AlreadyExecuted(proposal);
        }
    }

    function _mustNotBeChangingParameters(bytes32 proposal, address user, uint256 amount) internal view {
        if (proposals[proposal].amount != amount || proposals[proposal].target != user) {
            revert ParametersChanged(proposal);
        }
    }

    function _mustBePastSafetyDelay(bytes32 proposal) internal view {
        if (block.number - proposals[proposal].lastVote < delay) {
            revert NotYetWithdrawable(proposal);
        }
    }

    function _mustHaveEnoughVotes(bytes32 proposal) internal view {
        if (proposals[proposal].totalVotes < threshold) {
            revert NotEnoughVotes(proposal);
        }
    }

    function _proposalExists(bytes32 proposal) internal view returns (bool) {
        return proposals[proposal].totalVotes > 0 && proposals[proposal].amount > 0;
    }

    function _createVote(bytes32 proposal, address oracle, address user, uint256 amount) internal {
        voted[oracle][proposal] = true;
        proposals[proposal].target = user;
        proposals[proposal].amount = amount;
        proposals[proposal].totalVotes = 1;
        proposals[proposal].lastVote = block.number;

        emit VoteStarted(proposal, oracle, user, amount);
    }

    function _recordVote(bytes32 proposal, address oracle) internal {
        voted[oracle][proposal] = true;
        // this is safe since we are unlikely to have maxUint8 oracles to manage
        proposals[proposal].totalVotes += 1;
        proposals[proposal].lastVote = block.number;

        emit Voted(proposal, oracle);
    }

    function _withdraw(bytes32 proposal, address user, uint256 amount) internal {
        proposals[proposal].executed = true;
        nodl.mint(user, amount);

        emit Withdrawn(proposal, user, amount);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause-Clear

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {ERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";
import {ERC20Burnable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Burnable.sol";
import {AccessControl} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/AccessControl.sol";

contract NODL is ERC20Burnable, AccessControl {
    bytes32 public constant MINTER_ROLE = keccak256("MINTER_ROLE");

    constructor() ERC20("Nodle Token", "NODL") {
        _grantRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, msg.sender);
        _grantRole(MINTER_ROLE, msg.sender);
    }

    function mint(address to, uint256 amount) public onlyRole(MINTER_ROLE) {
        _mint(to, amount);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause-Clear

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {
    IPaymaster,
    ExecutionResult,
    PAYMASTER_VALIDATION_SUCCESS_MAGIC
} from "@matterlabs/zksync-contracts/l2/system-contracts/interfaces/IPaymaster.sol";
import {IPaymasterFlow} from "@matterlabs/zksync-contracts/l2/system-contracts/interfaces/IPaymasterFlow.sol";
import {Transaction} from "@matterlabs/zksync-contracts/l2/system-contracts/libraries/TransactionHelper.sol";
import {BOOTLOADER_FORMAL_ADDRESS} from "@matterlabs/zksync-contracts/l2/system-contracts/Constants.sol";

import {AccessControl} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/AccessControl.sol";

/// @notice This smart contract serves as a base for any other paymaster contract.
abstract contract BasePaymaster is IPaymaster, AccessControl {
    bytes32 public constant WITHDRAWER_ROLE = keccak256("WITHDRAWER_ROLE");

    error AccessRestrictedToBootloader();
    error PaymasterFlowNotSupported();
    error NotEnoughETHInPaymasterToPayForTransaction();
    error InvalidPaymasterInput(string message);
    error FailedToWithdraw();

    modifier onlyBootloader() {
        if (msg.sender != BOOTLOADER_FORMAL_ADDRESS) {
            revert AccessRestrictedToBootloader();
        }
        _;
    }

    constructor(address admin, address withdrawer) {
        _grantRole(DEFAULT_ADMIN_ROLE, admin);
        _grantRole(WITHDRAWER_ROLE, withdrawer);
    }

    function validateAndPayForPaymasterTransaction(bytes32, bytes32, Transaction calldata transaction)
        external
        payable
        onlyBootloader
        returns (bytes4 magic, bytes memory /* context */ )
    {
        // By default we consider the transaction as accepted.
        magic = PAYMASTER_VALIDATION_SUCCESS_MAGIC;

        if (transaction.paymasterInput.length < 4) {
            revert InvalidPaymasterInput("The standard paymaster input must be at least 4 bytes long");
        }

        bytes4 paymasterInputSelector = bytes4(transaction.paymasterInput[0:4]);

        // Note, that while the minimal amount of ETH needed is tx.gasPrice * tx.gasLimit,
        // neither paymaster nor account are allowed to access this context variable.
        uint256 requiredETH = transaction.gasLimit * transaction.maxFeePerGas;
        address destAddress = address(uint160(transaction.to));
        address userAddress = address(uint160(transaction.from));

        if (paymasterInputSelector == IPaymasterFlow.general.selector) {
            _validateAndPayGeneralFlow(userAddress, destAddress, requiredETH);
        } else if (paymasterInputSelector == IPaymasterFlow.approvalBased.selector) {
            (address token, uint256 minimalAllowance, bytes memory data) =
                abi.decode(transaction.paymasterInput[4:], (address, uint256, bytes));

            _validateAndPayApprovalBasedFlow(userAddress, destAddress, token, minimalAllowance, data, requiredETH);
        } else {
            revert PaymasterFlowNotSupported();
        }

        // The bootloader never returns any data, so it can safely be ignored here.
        (bool success,) = payable(BOOTLOADER_FORMAL_ADDRESS).call{value: requiredETH}("");
        if (!success) {
            revert NotEnoughETHInPaymasterToPayForTransaction();
        }

        return (magic, "");
    }

    function _validateAndPayGeneralFlow(address from, address to, uint256 requiredETH) internal virtual;

    function _validateAndPayApprovalBasedFlow(
        address from,
        address to,
        address token,
        uint256 tokenAmount,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 requiredETH
    ) internal virtual;

    function postTransaction(
        bytes calldata context,
        Transaction calldata transaction,
        bytes32,
        bytes32,
        ExecutionResult txResult,
        uint256 maxRefundedGas
    ) external payable override onlyBootloader {
        // Refunds are not supported yet.
    }

    function withdraw(address to, uint256 amount) external onlyRole(WITHDRAWER_ROLE) {
        (bool success,) = payable(to).call{value: amount}("");
        if (!success) revert FailedToWithdraw();
    }

    receive() external payable {}
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import {IERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import {SafeERC20} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import {Math} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/math/Math.sol";

import {BasePaymaster} from "./BasePaymaster.sol";

contract Erc20Paymaster is BasePaymaster {
    using Math for uint256;
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    bytes32 public constant PRICE_ORACLE_ROLE = keccak256("PRICE_ORACLE_ROLE");

    uint256 public feePrice;
    IERC20 public allowedToken;

    error AllowanceNotEnough(uint256 provided, uint256 required);
    error TokenNotAllowed();
    error FeeTooHigh(uint256 feePrice, uint256 requiredETH);

    constructor(address admin, address priceOracle, IERC20 erc20, uint256 initialFeePrice)
        BasePaymaster(admin, admin)
    {
        _grantRole(PRICE_ORACLE_ROLE, priceOracle);
        allowedToken = erc20;
        feePrice = initialFeePrice;
    }

    function updateFeePrice(uint256 newFeePrice) public onlyRole(PRICE_ORACLE_ROLE) {
        feePrice = newFeePrice;
    }

    function _validateAndPayGeneralFlow(address, /* from */ address, /* to */ uint256 /* requiredETH */ )
        internal
        pure
        override
    {
        revert PaymasterFlowNotSupported();
    }

    function _validateAndPayApprovalBasedFlow(
        address userAddress,
        address, /* destAddress */
        address token,
        uint256, /* amount */
        bytes memory, /* data */
        uint256 requiredETH
    ) internal override {
        if (token != address(allowedToken)) {
            revert TokenNotAllowed();
        }

        address thisAddress = address(this);

        uint256 providedAllowance = IERC20(token).allowance(userAddress, thisAddress);

        (bool succeeded, uint256 requiredToken) = requiredETH.tryMul(feePrice);
        if (!succeeded) {
            revert FeeTooHigh(feePrice, requiredETH);
        }

        if (providedAllowance < requiredToken) {
            revert AllowanceNotEnough(providedAllowance, requiredToken);
        }

        allowedToken.safeTransferFrom(userAddress, thisAddress, requiredToken);
    }

    function withdrawTokens(address to, uint256 amount) public onlyRole(WITHDRAWER_ROLE) {
        allowedToken.safeTransfer(to, amount);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause-Clear

pragma solidity ^0.8.20;

import {BasePaymaster} from "./BasePaymaster.sol";

/// @notice a paymaster that allow whitelisted users to do free txs to restricted contracts
contract WhitelistPaymaster is BasePaymaster {
    bytes32 public constant WHITELIST_ADMIN_ROLE = keccak256("WHITELIST_ADMIN_ROLE");

    mapping(address => bool) public isWhitelistedUser;
    mapping(address => bool) public isWhitelistedContract;

    error UserIsNotWhitelisted();
    error DestIsNotWhitelisted();

    constructor(address withdrawer) BasePaymaster(msg.sender, withdrawer) {
        _grantRole(WHITELIST_ADMIN_ROLE, msg.sender);
    }

    function addWhitelistedContracts(address[] calldata whitelistedContracts) external onlyRole(WHITELIST_ADMIN_ROLE) {
        _setContractWhitelist(whitelistedContracts);
    }

    function removeWhitelistedContracts(address[] calldata whitelistedContracts)
        external
        onlyRole(WHITELIST_ADMIN_ROLE)
    {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < whitelistedContracts.length; i++) {
            isWhitelistedContract[whitelistedContracts[i]] = false;
        }
    }

    function addWhitelistedUsers(address[] calldata users) external onlyRole(WHITELIST_ADMIN_ROLE) {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < users.length; i++) {
            isWhitelistedUser[users[i]] = true;
        }
    }

    function removeWhitelistedUsers(address[] calldata users) external onlyRole(WHITELIST_ADMIN_ROLE) {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < users.length; i++) {
            isWhitelistedUser[users[i]] = false;
        }
    }

    function _setContractWhitelist(address[] memory whitelistedContracts) internal {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < whitelistedContracts.length; i++) {
            isWhitelistedContract[whitelistedContracts[i]] = true;
        }
    }

    function _validateAndPayGeneralFlow(address from, address to, uint256 /* requiredETH */ ) internal view override {
        if (!isWhitelistedContract[to]) {
            revert DestIsNotWhitelisted();
        }

        if (!isWhitelistedUser[from]) {
            revert UserIsNotWhitelisted();
        }
    }

    function _validateAndPayApprovalBasedFlow(address, address, address, uint256, bytes memory, uint256)
        internal
        pure
        override
    {
        revert PaymasterFlowNotSupported();
    }
}

{
  "evmVersion": "paris",
  "optimizer": {
    "enabled": true,
    "mode": "3"
  },
  "outputSelection": {
    "*": {
      "*": [
        "abi"
      ]
    }
  },
  "libraries": {}
}

• No Contract Security Audit Submitted- Submit Audit Here

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ceId","type":"bytes4"}],"name":"supportsInterface","outputs":[{"internalType":"bool","name":"","type":"bool"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"symbol","outputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"tokenId","type":"uint256"}],"name":"tokenURI","outputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"address","name":"from","type":"address"},{"internalType":"address","name":"to","type":"address"},{"internalType":"uint256","name":"tokenId","type":"uint256"}],"name":"transferFrom","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"whitelistPaymaster","outputs":[{"internalType":"contract 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-----Decoded View---------------
Arg [0] : name (string): ContentSign
Arg [1] : symbol (string): SIGNED
Arg [2] : whitelist (address): 0xb2B7075eAD608fABF04C3959983EE63df5B0e0FC

-----Encoded View---------------
7 Constructor Arguments found :
Arg [0] : 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000060
Arg [1] : 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a0
Arg [2] : 000000000000000000000000b2b7075ead608fabf04c3959983ee63df5b0e0fc
Arg [3] : 000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000b
Arg [4] : 436f6e74656e745369676e000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
Arg [5] : 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006
Arg [6] : 5349474e45440000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000